Potassium Iodide Lab Essay

I. TitleFinding the Formula for top NitrateII. PurposeThis experiment was to test the different concentration levels of specified al-Qaida metals to determine the greatest ken of lead nitrate.III. Background InformationPotassium IodidePotassium Iodide is a cryst every last(predicate)ized, white salt still known to turn a bright yellow when exposed to pro retentiveed moisture such as mixing with water. It is a simple iodine salt. In its natural state it is by and large colorless and odorless. If tasted, it would be like saline and extremely bitter and is has a relatively low level of hazard. Its main use is in photography but also employ in table salt to iodize food and can be used in expectorants for lung congestion. It can also be used to protect the thyroid from radioactive iodinePotassium iodideIUPAC namePotassium iodideOther namesKalium iodide,knollide, potideIdentifiersCAS number7681-11-0RTECS numberTT2975000PropertiesMolecular economyKI hero sandwich mass166.00 g/mol allo w NitrateLead Nitrate is a hazardous colorless crystal or white powder. It has a long history of uses. Until 1974, when the dangers of lead were realized, it was in a variety of products.Lead(II) nitrateIUPAC nameLead(II) nitrateOther namesLead nitratePlumbous nitrateLead dinitratePlumb dulcisIdentifiersCAS number10099-74-8RTECS numberOG2100000PropertiesMolecular formulaPb(NO3)2Molar mass331.2 g/molAppearanceWhite odourless solidDensity4.53 g/cmMelting pointDecomposes at 290-470 CSolubility in water52 g/100 ml (20 C)Solubility in nitrous acidin ethanolin methanolinsoluble1 g/2500 ml1 g/75 mlStructure crystal structureFace-centered cubicCoordinationgeometrycuboctahedralHazardsMSDSExternal MSDSEU classificationToxic (T)Dangerous for the environment (N)Repr. 1/3EU Index082-001-00-6NFPA 704033OXR-phrasesR61, R20/22, R33,R62, R50/53S-phrasesS53, S45, S60, S61Flash pointNon-flammableRelated compoundsOther anionsLead(II) chromateLead(II) sulfideOther cationsSodium nitrateMagnesium nitrate IV. Materials* Electronic scale* Lead Nitrate* Potassium Iodide* Beaker* Graduated Cylinder* Funnel* Filter newspaper* Pipettes* WaterV. Procedures1. Materials were gathered and then specific concentration ratio was received (watersolute 19)2. Cylinder was filled with 100 milliliters of lead iodide*Graduated Cylinder is hydrophobic*Caution Be sure of on the button engageings by measuring at the curb part of the miniscus3. Cylinder was filled with 900 milliliters of KI4. The solution was gently shaken to ensure even distribution of solute to solvent5. Solution was then transferred to drip paper*Two filter papers were used for double filtration6. The filter paper was put into a funnel of a beaker to the solution would separateVI. Dataa) mass of filter papersb) mass of lead iodide3rd period4th period192837465564738291c) molar mass of KI 165.998 g/mold) molar mass of Pb(NO2)3 331.268 g/mole) calculation for determining molarity for each solution based on 1,000 ml200 ml/1000 ml x .5 ml = .1 mlf) observationsThe two liquids started to both appear clear. After combined, it almost instantly turned to a neon yellow. succession filtering, a colorless liquid seeped through while the yellow fall down clung to the filter paper. There was teentsy water in the flask but oer half the filter paper had been covered in neon yellow.e) cautionsOne must ensure toRead the meniscus at the proper point delectation a plastic graduated cylinder for elimination of meniscusMeasure by getting down at eye levelC befully interest proper measurementsUse two filter papers for double filtrationZero the scale after first weighing the filter paperUse an electronic scale for accuracyProduct enhancements to minimize errorDigital scalePipettes measurements to allow a few drops of solution to be maintainedPlastic graduated cylinders for no confusionfigure 1 rinsing setupfigure 2 Pipette dispensing of liquidsfigure 3 filtering apparatusVII. compendiumThe lab performed was found to be an effe ctive way of discerning the formulation of lead nitrate and potassium iodides precipitate and use the chemical formula to understand the reaction. The formula is as follows KI + Pb(NO3)2 PbI + K(NO3)2. Potassium Iodide and Lead Nitrate yield Lead Iodide and Potassium Nitrate. The reaction taking place is known to be a double replacement. The two compounds split and then combine with the counterparts. The PbI remains in the solution and the K(NO3)2 forms the precipitate. The purpose of the experiment was to find which combination of concentrations would consequently book the greatest impact on the mass of the Lead Iodide. It was found that when the concentrations of each are 55, the filtration leaves a substantial amount of the liquid and the yellow precipitate known as lead iodide is at the peak of the masses.The interesting part of the experiment is that it was far from expected results. It was conducted by three classes and the data vary crossways the chart. The last test grou p was not able to be used be shake up of the inconsistency in which the obtained measurements compared to those of the rest of the tests. Therefore, only two classes were compared. The 4th period was seen to be the most accurate. The first two measurements, those of 19 and 28 varied greatly. The following masses compared were similar yet period 3 were all a little lower until the last concentration level measurements which were almost exactly the sameThe mistakes prevalent in the lab are not payable to the experiment itself. Rather, it is human error that can be held accountable for the drastic differences. One of the reasons is improper measuring and mixing to begin. The students may not have bypast to eye level to read each mark carefully to ensure only the most exact measurements. Also, the pipette is made of glass. This calls for the meniscus to be read properly or else the measurements will be off. To avoid confusion of the meniscus with graduated cylinders, plastic would be most appropriate. Luckily, these are hydrophobic and without a meniscus, they are simple to read. If glass was used, then it would leave open some opportunities for mistakes. With the pipettes, there could have tardily been bubbles. The bubbles would take up space where the liquid should be for precise measuring.If twisted the wrong way, it would be easy for air to get trapped and cause these pockets. The pipettes however are carefully crafted so that the markings are a little above where they should be. Taking that into consideration, the room for error in not allowing all the water to drip out of the pipette, if done properly, is eliminated. Another space for error is the filter papers. Some of them were larger than the others. This can distort the results. The same filter paper should be used for all of those participating in the tests.The papers also varied in thickness. Others used only one paper, allowing too much precipitate through, and others used more than two. This allow s the paper to absorb too much liquid alternatively of filtering it all the way through. An additional problem is evaporation. Leaving the filtration apparatus uncovered could allow gradual evaporation. Quite oppositely, the humidity in the room could also cause tampering with the solution. With the weather changes, the temperature of the lab was not held at a constant. One day it was heated the next was at a very cool temperature. This could easily have an effect on the experiment.All these reasons could have a great deal in the variety of results. The experiment would need to be performed again to accurately portray the data. Human error would need to be nonexistentVII. ConclusionAs previously stated, the results of the experiment were not all in agreement. The different classes obtained conglomerate results. This can be due to human error. After realizing the effects on the reaction taking place, it was also discernable how concentration can easily be active the combination. Ho wever valuable knowledge on the formation of lead iodide was gained from this lab and the purpose was successfully completed.