Common Motifs of Edgar Allan Poe Essay -- Biography

Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts on January 19, 1809. His first leger was unblocked in 1827. In 1829 Al Aaraaf Tamerlane, and Minor Poems, Poes second book was published. Poe became the editor of The Southern Literary Messenger in 1834 after his lawyer persuaded them to publish some of his stories and make him an editor. During this time his mark on American Literature began. Three of Poes well-known stories are The Cask of Amontillado, which was published in 1846, The Tell-Tale fondness, which was published in 1843, and The Pit and the Pendulum, which was published in 1842. In these three stories like most of Poes stories they deal with the deep, dark, psychological side of the human brain. In Poes short stories The Cask of Amontillado, The Tell-Tale Heart and The Pit and the Pendulum, Poe use three common motifs death, fear or terror, and madness.The meaning of death is the permanent end of all life functions in an organism or part of an organism. Death can ta ke different forms, sickness, revenge, hate, misunderstandings, love. Death is one of the main motifs in all two of the three short stories, The Cask of Amontillado Montresor kills Fortunato in revenge, and although death is mentioned in The Pit and the Pendulum there is actually no form of death even though it was close to happening. ..I felt that I tottered upon the bring I averted my--...An out stretched arm caught my own as I fell fainting into the abyss. It was that of General Lasalle (The Pit and the Pendulum p. 10). In The Cask of Amontillado where Fortunato was chained to a wall and then bricked into a little cavern filled with bones and then the room was set on fire. I thrust a torch through the remaining aperture ... ... he starts to think more of how he may die. When he is finally pushed over the edge of the pit, which could be considered being pushed over the edge of insanity, everything comes rushing back to truthfulness when he is grabbed by a General. The Cask of Amontillado, The Tell-Tale Heart and The Pit and the Pendulum, all have common motifs death, fear or terror, and madness. Each story has their own picky way of showing the three different motifs. In all three stories these three motifs were connected in some way. Someone was afraid of something or someone, which flock them mad, which led them to kill someone. In the case of The Cask of Amontillado death was caused by revenge, and hate. Death, fear and madness are all common themes in a carve up of Poes work. They add depth and different perspectives to look at things from. They all make the stories what they are.

Balance Of Power :: essays research papers

The Balance of Power      byout the semester, a theme that has get hold ofd our thoughts has been the idea that the self is the capacity to have capacities. Through what we have read, written about, and discussed, we have been trying to come up with our own answers to the questions about the self what a capacity is, how we find them, which ones argon essential to mankind flourishing, what we do with them once they are found? Yet all of these questions lead us to answer that final and defining question of "what is the truth?"     A capacity is a capability or a realized power in a person. Some of the authors that we read throughout the semester believed that these capacities must be implanted into us, and then nurtured and trained. C.S. Lewis says that, "The assess of the modern educator is not to cut down jungles, entirely to irrigate deserts."(1-p.27) However, in this statement he contradicts his own belief. In order for irrigation to work and establish things grow, there must be something there beneath the surface to begin with. This is exactly my belief. I agree with Lewis that our capacities must be trained and educated, but those that are essential to human flourishing are inside our hearts waiting to be uncovered.      But how then, do we go about uncovering these capacities? The answer is so simple, and yet far to complex to completely explain in one paper. It takes thought. In fact, thought is the best example of a capacity. No one shtup teach thought. It is an innate quality of all human beings. However, thought is not complete in its original state. We must train and educate our ability to think. We burn train it to be analytical, critical, evidential, logical, careful, clear, subjective, objective, etc. The list could go on and on. We can irrigate it and watch it grow. But that is assuming that it is there in the first place. Kierkegaard was on the honorable track t o uncovering what is inside of us. He believed that it would take subjective thought about ourselves, not being detached from our feelings, but letting our emotions be our guide to what we truly believe.           However, subjective thinking alone cannot decipher what capacities are essential to our lives. It gives us a place to start from with what really matters to us in our hearts, but it is clouded by our biases and prejudgements.

Ecommerce Industry Analysis :: essays research papers

Industry Analysis On-Line higher(prenominal) breeding IndustryTodays industries of Higher Education atomic number 18 witnessing a burgeoning interest in the use of the Internet. The rise of the Internet, by information technologies and business application, represents a large base of potential customers for e-commerce activities. Generally, it provoke be said that e-commerce is a highly significant way of conducting business. For that very reason, a widespread of universities and colleges actively exploit opportunities created by the growth of e-commerce by initiating on line courses and degrees to accommodate this demand. This industry analysis will capture the principal effects that e-commerce, i.e. on line courses, may have, as compared to those of conventional Higher Education Industries, as well as explore the barriers and opportunities that may face each. These issues are examined using market research, newspaper articles, and annual industry reports. Higher Education Firms are undertaking growing numbers of e-commerce initiatives and increasingly go on-line incentives required to participate in the growing online market. A range of on-line incentives includes expedited degrees, decreased learning fees and minimal face-to-face time with instructors. However, to realize these gains of on-line courses and the associated incentives requires fundamental Internet knowledge and a high degree of competency with on-line universities in offering adequate resources. Higher Education institutions are producers of information concentrated products, and may face a raft of challenges when instilling these new competencies. The Gartner Group estimates that firms creating e-commerce sites spend $1 million in the first five months, and $20 million for a place in cyberspace that sets them apart from the competition. These costs are projected to increase at a rate of over 25% per year over the next two years. An examination of the annual reports of Online Higher Educ ation companies reflects the magnitude of these costs. southeasterly Universitys annual report for 2003 reveals that the firm spent $152 million on advertisement, equipment, and software, amounting to 9% of their annual revenues for the year. This figure for Capella.edu is $34 million (16% of revenue). Once these investments are in place, the costs of entry into virtual universities mainly include considerable marketing expenses. Activities such as the placement of banner ads in portal sites are $12 million (12% of revenue). Transaction and organizational costs affect every raisingal institution. The potential of Virtual Universities to reduce these costs is most important, because the cost affect the consumers.Comparisons to campus education also create economic challenges to online institutions.

heroarms Henry’s Personal Code in A Farewell to Arms :: Farewell Arms Essays

Henrys Personal Code in A valediction to Arms A Farewell to Arms, by Ernest Hemingway is a story of Love, struggle and one Mans pursuit of finding his own personal code in order to demand a separate peace. Fredrick Henry is an American who serves as a lieutenant in the Italian army to a group of ambulance drivers. Hemingway portrays Frederick as a broken man searching for order and value in his life. Catherine Barkley is an English volunteer nurse who serves in Italy. She is considered very experienced when it comes to retire and loss since she has already been confronted with the destruction of a pick outd one when her fianc was killed earlier in the war. Their love affair must survive the obstacles of World War. The background of war-torn Italy adds to the tragedy of the love story. The war affects the emotions and values of each character. The love between Catherine and Frederick must outlast long separations, life-threatening wartime situations, and the uncertainty of ea ch others where arounds or condition. This novel is a beautiful love story of two people who need each other in a period of upheaval. At the start of the novel, Frederick is given a spend to forswear the war for a period of time in order to relax. He befriends a priest because he admires the fact that the priest lives his life by a set of values that give him an orderly lifestyle. He is told by the priest to go to Abruzzi, there in the mountains he can relax and forget about the worries of war. But Fredrick is hardheaded and listens to his friends and decides to go to Naples, there he drinks and travels from one house of prostitution to another and yet he is discontent because his life is very unsettled. This vacation was his free ticket out of the war but Fredrick does not realize nor understand how bad this war is. He decides to return due to his pride and patriotism. A close friend of Fredrick, Rinaldi is also a Lt. In the army. Together they share stories and interests. Rinal di is a strong man, one who understands what war is about. Through numerous attempts of lessons given to Fredrick, he still doesnt understand. Rinaldi constantly calls Fredrick baby which is an accurate description of him. He is still a child and is not aware of the true meaning of war, love and life.

My Philosophy of Education Essay -- Philosophy of Education Statement

My Philosophy of Education I want to become a teacher for three reasons. The first is, I love children of whole ages and want to attention them in any way that I can. The second is, I want to influence children in a positive way and help them be all they can be, much like some of my teachers did me. Finally, I enjoy the feeling that I receive when a childs face lights up, be wee they understand something that I am explaining to them. That feeling is enough to make me teach, regardless of the paycheck. My philosophy of education is an eclectic one in that I am mainly pragmatist, but I am also slightly idealistic. I am pragmatic in that I view the classroom should consist of a community of learners. I retrieve the classroom rules should be established democratically, and that problem solving should be encouraged. Furthermore, I believe that students learn by engaging in activities that are first-hand, and I believe that concrete experiences shoul d be encouraged. I am idealistic in that I believe that my love for the content area will be passed onto the students, which will cause fewer, if any, discipline problems. I believe the disciplinary action should be taken by the teacher, and I will enjoy not only teaching my salutary known content area, but will also serve as a role model for the students. My classroom will be whatever food coloring the school in which I am working chooses it to be. However, I will add things to it that are full ...

Toshiba :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

ToshibaToshiba The Future is TheirsIn 1875 Hisashige Tanaka established Tanaka Seizo-sho, Japans first manufacturer of telegraphic equipment. The company thrived for over 60 years as an independent entity. In 1890, Hakunetsu-sha & Co., Ltd, was founded. It was Japans first manufacturing facility of electric incandescent lamps. Then in 1939, the two companies merged to become Tokyo Shibaura Denki. They were in a flash an electric equipment manufacturer. The companys reputation was established rapidly and they soon became known simply as Toshiba. They made this official with the name change to Toshiba in 1978. Throughout the companys long life there prevail been many major inventions that have guaranteed them a place in history. Among these are the followers worlds firsts1. 1967first automatic zip code reader2. 1970first color video phone3. 1986first laptop personal computers4. 1995 unquestionable high-density optical disc, DVD They have remained successful for many years because of their ability to stay on top of the world of technology. This is no small feat. Numerous companies have been lost because of a rapidly changing technology market that most were unable to keep up with the pace. With a resume of inventions spanning more than 120 years, a solid financial history and their status of being a multinational corporation, where does Toshiba go from here? Can they continue to keep up the pace of the recent with the technology market changing more each and every day? What can they do to maintain their current level of success without compromising their value and commitment to the global society? To sum up all these questions Whats next for Toshiba?Before looking at what the next step should be for Toshiba, it is undeniable to examine what the driving forces behind the operation and all its decisions are. For them, The Basic Commitment is this force. In 1990 this Commitment was formulated as a statement of management philosophy. all management decision made is done so by the guidance set forth in the Basic Commitment, which follows We, the Toshiba Group companies, based on our add up commitment to people and to the future, are determined to help create a higher quality of life for all people, and to do our part to help tally that progress continues within the world community

Ambition in Macbeth by William Shakespeare Essay

What is dream? dreaming is described as eager for success, power or fame. For Macbeth. Ambition was what drove him to call on great, it forced him to change his nature towards evil. At the starting of the play, Macbeth was portrayed as a courageous soldier who fought for his force without mercy. But once the witches planted the seeds of greater things and Lady Macbeth fuelled his ambition, which lead him to become greedy and power hungry.Macbeth was led d ingest to an unescapable road of doom by an outside force, namely ordain in the form of the three witches. There was no supernatural force working against Macbeth, which therefore makes him responsible for his own operationions and inevitable downfall. Macbeth is indeed responsible for his own actions, which are provoked by an un testamentingness to listen to his own conscience, the witches, and his ambition. The witches tempted Macbeth with their prophecies, which make Macbeths heart and mind slowly filled with ambition and his huger for power. The witches predicted, at the beginning of the play, that Macbeth would soon become the Thane of Cawdor and eventually the outright King. They tell Macbeth this, simply to ignite what would finally end up in him taking the vivification of King Dun eject.Ambition, no matter how small, builds up, and becomes a need. When this ambition is built up and encouraged, it can influence a persons decision. Macbeth went to three witches, who prophesized that he would become King. This got Macbeth thinking of how he can become King. At this time, he was calm unsure of whether he would take any action toward gaining the heyday. When he comes back to his house, Lady Macbeth convinces him to murder King Duncan, through emotionally degrading him, shown in the quote Art thou afeard/ To be the same in thine own act and valour/ As thou art in desire? (Act I, Scene IV). This quote shows how Lady Macbeth influenced Macbeths decision, because after hearing about the prophecy, she also had the ambition for her husband to become King.Macbeth slowly becomes accustomed to killing and does it more easily and without remorse. For example, after Macbeth becomes king, he begins to worry about the second part of the prophecy, when Banquos sons become kings. Knowing that he will not have any heirs, Macbeth dreads the idea of theseeds of Banquo kings. Rather than so, come fate into the list, and champion me to the utterance (3.1.70-73). Since he committed a sinful act to fulfill his desire become king, Macbeth does not want to lose e precisething he got to Banquos royal bloodline This shows how corrupt and villainous Macbeth has become he will not permit anything, not even friendship, get in the way of his desire to be the King of Scotland. And if the destruction of friendship is not a symbol of how strong Macbeths ambition truly is, then the manslaughter of an innocent mans entire family is. When Macbeth sees the three apparitions, one of them tells him to beware M acduff.Surprisingly, after Macbeth learns that Macduff has fled to England, he responds by declaring that he will give to the edge o the sword his wife, babes, and all unfortunate souls that trace him in his line. (4.1.151-153). This shows how corrupt and evil Macbeth has become he doesnt even care about who hes killing anymore. A wife and kids symbolizes purity and love in a mans life the fact that Macbeth doesnt even consider the moral consequences of destroying a loving family and killing children shows how filled with ambition he has become. Macbeth is so afraid of losing to Macduff that he believes that by killing his family, Macduff will be broken beyond repair and not be able to face Macbeth. Unfortunately, he does not count on a certain someone to heighten Macduffs hopes to slaying Macbeth by using his lugubriousness to his advantage. That certain someone is Malcolm, the son of Duncan.After the murder of his father, Malcolms ambition to destroy Macbeth becomes so strong tha t he forgets all moral values and disregards the feelings of others this ambition represents revenge. Though Malcolm is able to understand the feelings of others, he lets nothing stop him from achieving his cultivation this is either due to his inexperience of the world, or because he is too bent on revenge to think about anything else. When Macduff learns that his family is murdered, he begins to despair. Malcolm, not wanting to let anything get in the way of his ambition, tells Macduff to dispute it like a man. (4.3.221). Since Malcolm is a young man he does not have a wife or kids and disregards Macduffs pain as a sign of weakness. Note that even if Malcolm had a family and understood Macduffs pain fully, he would still have been heady and put revenge above anything else. Malcolmsfather was a good man who lost his life at the hands of the man he certain the mostMalcolm is not going to let Macduffs personal tragedy get in the way of his goal of destroying Macbeth. When Macduff responds by saying that first he must feel pain like a man, Malcolm responds by telling Macbeth to make his grief be this the whetstone of your sword. Let grief convert to anger girdle not the heart, enrage it. (4.3.230- 231). While Malcolm is more understanding of the pain Macduff feels, he still convinces him to move on. When he says let grief convert to anger, he means for Macduff to use his aggrieve as his anger so he can move on with his life and destroy the man responsible for his sorrow Macbeth. Malcolm truly does feel bad about Macduff losing his family, but unlike Macduff, he has no family to worry about and has not experienced every pain and sorrow Macduff has been through. Given this evidence, it is evident how much ambition Malcolm has for destroying Macbeth.Macbeth is not fully to blame for his ambition clouding his judiciousness since the audience knows that Lady Macbeth has him kill Duncan so she can be Queen this ambition represents power. While Macbeth is to blam e for all he has done to his country, his wife started a chain reaction that sent Macbeth down this unnoticeable path. Had Macbeth not told his wife about the prophecies, she would not have become so obsessed with power and she would not have sent her husband to kill Duncan so she could be Queen fasterand all of Macbeths victims would be alive and well. Lady Macbeth wants so desperately to gain power, she begs of the immortals to unsex me here and fill me from the crown to the toe top-full of direst cruelty (1.5.41-43). Lady Macbeth is asking the spirits (or godsIm not quite sure its pretty vague) to make her cruel and gruesome so she can do the terrible deed of killing Duncan. This shows how evil and impatient Lady Macbeth is had she waited for Duncan to promote Macbeth, she could have been Queen without her husband having to kill anyone, Macbeth would still have been a good person, and they would not have had to suffer so much guilt for all they did.Later, after Lady Macbeth dru gs the guards, she boasts about the drugs that which hath made them rum Sprousehath made me bold what hath quenched them hath given me fire. Now LadyMacbeth is almost certain that they will not fail her ambition has clouded her better judgment and ignored the possibility of guilt haunting her and her husband. This ambition, the ambition of power, is by far the most deadly of all ambitions. If you want power so badly and very quickly, you forget about all the consequences that might come from it. In Lady Macbeths case, her consequence for her actions was the loss of her sanity and restless nights thinking about what she made her husband do, eventually causing her to take her own life. This being said, I think it is safe to say that too much ambition is NOT a promise of power or a sign of greatness.

Potassium Iodide Lab Essay

I. TitleFinding the Formula for top NitrateII. PurposeThis experiment was to test the different concentration levels of specified al-Qaida metals to determine the greatest ken of lead nitrate.III. Background InformationPotassium IodidePotassium Iodide is a cryst every last(predicate)ized, white salt still known to turn a bright yellow when exposed to pro retentiveed moisture such as mixing with water. It is a simple iodine salt. In its natural state it is by and large colorless and odorless. If tasted, it would be like saline and extremely bitter and is has a relatively low level of hazard. Its main use is in photography but also employ in table salt to iodize food and can be used in expectorants for lung congestion. It can also be used to protect the thyroid from radioactive iodinePotassium iodideIUPAC namePotassium iodideOther namesKalium iodide,knollide, potideIdentifiersCAS number7681-11-0RTECS numberTT2975000PropertiesMolecular economyKI hero sandwich mass166.00 g/mol allo w NitrateLead Nitrate is a hazardous colorless crystal or white powder. It has a long history of uses. Until 1974, when the dangers of lead were realized, it was in a variety of products.Lead(II) nitrateIUPAC nameLead(II) nitrateOther namesLead nitratePlumbous nitrateLead dinitratePlumb dulcisIdentifiersCAS number10099-74-8RTECS numberOG2100000PropertiesMolecular formulaPb(NO3)2Molar mass331.2 g/molAppearanceWhite odourless solidDensity4.53 g/cmMelting pointDecomposes at 290-470 CSolubility in water52 g/100 ml (20 C)Solubility in nitrous acidin ethanolin methanolinsoluble1 g/2500 ml1 g/75 mlStructure crystal structureFace-centered cubicCoordinationgeometrycuboctahedralHazardsMSDSExternal MSDSEU classificationToxic (T)Dangerous for the environment (N)Repr. 1/3EU Index082-001-00-6NFPA 704033OXR-phrasesR61, R20/22, R33,R62, R50/53S-phrasesS53, S45, S60, S61Flash pointNon-flammableRelated compoundsOther anionsLead(II) chromateLead(II) sulfideOther cationsSodium nitrateMagnesium nitrate IV. Materials* Electronic scale* Lead Nitrate* Potassium Iodide* Beaker* Graduated Cylinder* Funnel* Filter newspaper* Pipettes* WaterV. Procedures1. Materials were gathered and then specific concentration ratio was received (watersolute 19)2. Cylinder was filled with 100 milliliters of lead iodide*Graduated Cylinder is hydrophobic*Caution Be sure of on the button engageings by measuring at the curb part of the miniscus3. Cylinder was filled with 900 milliliters of KI4. The solution was gently shaken to ensure even distribution of solute to solvent5. Solution was then transferred to drip paper*Two filter papers were used for double filtration6. The filter paper was put into a funnel of a beaker to the solution would separateVI. Dataa) mass of filter papersb) mass of lead iodide3rd period4th period192837465564738291c) molar mass of KI 165.998 g/mold) molar mass of Pb(NO2)3 331.268 g/mole) calculation for determining molarity for each solution based on 1,000 ml200 ml/1000 ml x .5 ml = .1 mlf) observationsThe two liquids started to both appear clear. After combined, it almost instantly turned to a neon yellow. succession filtering, a colorless liquid seeped through while the yellow fall down clung to the filter paper. There was teentsy water in the flask but oer half the filter paper had been covered in neon yellow.e) cautionsOne must ensure toRead the meniscus at the proper point delectation a plastic graduated cylinder for elimination of meniscusMeasure by getting down at eye levelC befully interest proper measurementsUse two filter papers for double filtrationZero the scale after first weighing the filter paperUse an electronic scale for accuracyProduct enhancements to minimize errorDigital scalePipettes measurements to allow a few drops of solution to be maintainedPlastic graduated cylinders for no confusionfigure 1 rinsing setupfigure 2 Pipette dispensing of liquidsfigure 3 filtering apparatusVII. compendiumThe lab performed was found to be an effe ctive way of discerning the formulation of lead nitrate and potassium iodides precipitate and use the chemical formula to understand the reaction. The formula is as follows KI + Pb(NO3)2 PbI + K(NO3)2. Potassium Iodide and Lead Nitrate yield Lead Iodide and Potassium Nitrate. The reaction taking place is known to be a double replacement. The two compounds split and then combine with the counterparts. The PbI remains in the solution and the K(NO3)2 forms the precipitate. The purpose of the experiment was to find which combination of concentrations would consequently book the greatest impact on the mass of the Lead Iodide. It was found that when the concentrations of each are 55, the filtration leaves a substantial amount of the liquid and the yellow precipitate known as lead iodide is at the peak of the masses.The interesting part of the experiment is that it was far from expected results. It was conducted by three classes and the data vary crossways the chart. The last test grou p was not able to be used be shake up of the inconsistency in which the obtained measurements compared to those of the rest of the tests. Therefore, only two classes were compared. The 4th period was seen to be the most accurate. The first two measurements, those of 19 and 28 varied greatly. The following masses compared were similar yet period 3 were all a little lower until the last concentration level measurements which were almost exactly the sameThe mistakes prevalent in the lab are not payable to the experiment itself. Rather, it is human error that can be held accountable for the drastic differences. One of the reasons is improper measuring and mixing to begin. The students may not have bypast to eye level to read each mark carefully to ensure only the most exact measurements. Also, the pipette is made of glass. This calls for the meniscus to be read properly or else the measurements will be off. To avoid confusion of the meniscus with graduated cylinders, plastic would be most appropriate. Luckily, these are hydrophobic and without a meniscus, they are simple to read. If glass was used, then it would leave open some opportunities for mistakes. With the pipettes, there could have tardily been bubbles. The bubbles would take up space where the liquid should be for precise measuring.If twisted the wrong way, it would be easy for air to get trapped and cause these pockets. The pipettes however are carefully crafted so that the markings are a little above where they should be. Taking that into consideration, the room for error in not allowing all the water to drip out of the pipette, if done properly, is eliminated. Another space for error is the filter papers. Some of them were larger than the others. This can distort the results. The same filter paper should be used for all of those participating in the tests.The papers also varied in thickness. Others used only one paper, allowing too much precipitate through, and others used more than two. This allow s the paper to absorb too much liquid alternatively of filtering it all the way through. An additional problem is evaporation. Leaving the filtration apparatus uncovered could allow gradual evaporation. Quite oppositely, the humidity in the room could also cause tampering with the solution. With the weather changes, the temperature of the lab was not held at a constant. One day it was heated the next was at a very cool temperature. This could easily have an effect on the experiment.All these reasons could have a great deal in the variety of results. The experiment would need to be performed again to accurately portray the data. Human error would need to be nonexistentVII. ConclusionAs previously stated, the results of the experiment were not all in agreement. The different classes obtained conglomerate results. This can be due to human error. After realizing the effects on the reaction taking place, it was also discernable how concentration can easily be active the combination. Ho wever valuable knowledge on the formation of lead iodide was gained from this lab and the purpose was successfully completed.

Commercial Vehicle Market in India

2010 Commercial vehicle Market in India-Industry Re port wine Commercial Vehicle Market in India-Industry Report Table of limit Executive Summary3 Usage Segment6 Market shargon & adenylic acid disputation Situation8 place Opportunities14 Key Success factors15 Financial Analysis17 Regulatory Advantage & adenylic acid legal frameworks22 juvenile Mergers & Acquisitions26 Industry SWOT27 Market stemcast with Macrostinting assumptions28 PEST Analysis30 Annexure32 List of Industry sleepers32 Executive SummaryIndia being the second most populated and seventh crowingst farming in the world provides a vast and untapped heap for motorcar giants. The de-licensing in 1991 provided the well-deserved return essentials, which attracted international automobile studys to set up their end product facilities in the country to take advantage of various facilities available. According to my research, the sparing retardent has had modepace negative effects on mercenary fomite tra de. The slowdown of commercial activities in cornerst peer little, construction, manufacturing and another(prenominal) aras resulted in sluggish involve for commercial vehicles.However, in 2009-10, the commercial vehicle segment regained its growth momentum, both in m championtary value of take and gross revenue, on the strong fundamentals of recuperating inquire from close all prominent sectors. Especially, passenger carriers registered notable sales momentum and boosted the overall commercial vehicle development outlook. In coming years, rapid expansion of cities to suburban areas give excessively create much rent for mass displaceation vehicles in the country. It is anticipate that a major part of India volition be well connected by 2013-14, which allow fuel the guide for commercial passenger carriers in the country.Keeping this in mind, we deem projected the sales of commercial passenger carriers to register some 13% CAGR between 2010-11 and 2013-14. On uti lity vehicle front, the country posted one of the fastest year-on-year work growths in 2009-10. In 2008-09, industriousnessrs were squeeze to halt their deed skill amid falling domestic and export demand for utility vehicles. Consequently, the production saying a massive 11% drop in the same(p) year. With recovering vehicle demand from schools, corpo measures and public sector organizations, the production grew strongly at the rate of 24. % in 2009-10. We anticipate this trend to continue in coming years also, thus enabling the country to become a dominant utility vehicle player in global arena. This report is an outcome of extensive research and objective analysis on Utility Vehicle, Multipurpose Vehicle and Commercial Vehicle markets in India. The report provides detailed information and statistics on production, sales and export trends for each of the abovementioned market segment. It studies all the past and present trends prevailing in the market to give the future market outlook.Industry in India - KEY POINTS 1. - automobilemobile production and sales went up in 2007-08 as compared to 2002-03. 2. - They reached a peak in 2009-10 3. - sales of commercial vehicles are festering day by day due to the ontogeny construction industry and commercial developments and many other conditions such as growing urbanization. - KEY POINTS 4. - locomote production and sales went up in 2007-08 as compared to 2002-03. 5. - They reached a peak in 2009-10 6. - Sales of commercial vehicles are growing day by day due to the growing construction industry and commercial developments and many other conditions such as growing urbanization. High economical growth of India has worked wonders for most of its industries. With advantages comparable low labor be, easy availability of raw materials and well qualified employees, India has established many industries thereby marking the kickoff of an era of rapid industrialization. This has led to the increase in employm ent rate and income levels, giving coat to a more affluent middle class in the country, which serves as an active consumer base for most of the industries, including the automobile industry.India opened its automobile industry to global players with the de-licensing of the industry in 1991. As a result, automobile production and sales went up strongly in 2007-08 from 2002-03 levels. Even amid global economic slowdown, the industry was able to sustain its positive growth momentum. Moreover, in 2009-10 automobile production and sales surged phenomenally and India emerged as a potential competitor of the largest automobile markets such as China and Japan. Sales of commercial vehicles, particularly diswhitethorn commercial goods carriers are touching modernistic heights, both in domestic and export markets.The growing construction industry and commercial developments have opened bracing vistas for light commercial goods carriers. But medium and heavy commercial vehicles will also se e high demand in the domestic market due to infra organise development like hydro power projects, port development and mining industry. Commercial passenger vehicles will also strain the peak due to increasing urbanization and growing pauperism to commute from rural and sub-urban areas to industrial areas for work. All these are creating suitable conditions for India to emerge as an automobile production hub in the future.The sectors which have major contribution in LCV sales in the country are expected to see sustained detonating device expenditure in coming years. For instance, the organized sell sector which is growing at an annual pace of 30% is highly untapped and the players are planning to aggressively increase their presence in Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities. This will further boost the demand of commercial vehicles as they are largely deployed in restatistical distribution of consumption goods. Usage Segment * Transport operators This segment includes all authorise operators and owner-operators.There are slightly 200,000 road carry operators in India. However, most of them are small owner-driven firms. avenue freight transportation is highly fragmented with the truck operators owning slight than five trucks estimated to account for over 75% of the truck fleet. It is estimated that 77% of truck fleet is under operators who own 5 trucks or less 10% be pertinacioused to those with 6-10 trucks 4% belonged to those with 11-15 trucks 3% belonged to those with 16-20 trucks and only 4% of fleet belonged to those with more than 20 trucks. Thus, the industry is characterised by intense controversy.The high competition is the result of relatively note capital requirement, ease of obtaining driving licenses and permits. The small operators are involved mainly in the physical private road of goods and depend on brokers and other fleet operators who in knock over depend on the booking agents for obtaining tutoriness. These operators do not have the geograp hical reach and necessary infrastructure to tap business on a around-the-clock basis, and thus rely on brokers. Fleet operators are the medium and large, organised-sector players in the transportation industry. The arge fleet operators are small in number, and generally operate end-to-end the country. These fleet operators primarily work on a hub and spoke model. The hub and spoke distribution system enables optimisation of cost and high revenues for the transport companies/ fleet operators. These transport companies generally have formal contracts with the users, which is precise rare in the case of small operators. Some larger fleet operators have ventured into put outing value-added usefulnesss such as courier and express cargo business and providing third party logistical services. Companies This segment accounts for a small similarity of CV sales. Some companies determined in industrial areas use these vehicles primarily for employee and material transportation while a few companies use them for secondary distribution of the goods from warehouses to distributors, such as wholesalers and retailers. * governing body organisations The vehicle purchases made by municipal authorities, State transport undertakings, and various other Government departments primarily include LCVs and special application vehicles. Private bus operators There has been a significant increase in the number of private bus operators in the country as State transport undertakings have prove inadequate in meeting the increasing demand for transportation. These vehicles are used as passenger carriers or chartered buses. - - Key points - - Key points - Zzzzzzzzzz - Yyyyyyyyyyyyyy Key points - Zzzzzzzzzz - Yyyyyyyyyyyyyy - Key points Market Structure & Segmentation - Enter profound points - Enter key points The commercial vehicle market can be divided into quadruplet segments 1. Segment A-High performance and image sensitive- The consumers in segment A are brand conscious a nd are willing to pay any footing for that brand.But, they commonly dont compromise on quality. However, that doesnt means they are loyal to one brand. To target such type of consumers, companies have to concentrate on performance as the main criteria. 2. Segment B-Balanced perspective-The consumers in segment B are the most difficult ones to please. They want both price and performance rolled into one product. To target such type of consumers, companies have to concentrate on delivering high performance at the lift out prices. Hence, they have to keep their operating be to a minimum. 3. Segment C-ROI and quick payback period sensitive- .Segment D-Extremely price sensitive-The consumers in segment D want a product at an economical price and for this, they are ready to compromise on performance if they are offered a good price. To target such type of consumers, companies have to design products keeping costs at a minimum even if that means a medium or low performance but the mai n criteria is that price should be the best in the industry. Market share & Competition Situation The next are the main players in the Production of Commercial Vehicles in India * Ashok Leyland Ltd. * Hindustan travels Ltd. * Telco get motors Ltd. ( Previously known as Bajaj Tempo Ltd) * Eicher Motors Ltd. * Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. * Swaraj Mazda Ltd. * Tata Motors * Ashok Leyland Ashok Leyland Ashok Leyland is one of the biggest players in the Production of Commercial Vehicles in India. Ashok Leyland is one of the oldest self-propelled caller-out of India. It was set up in 1948 in Madras (now called Chennai) to assemble Austin cars. However, the companys future changed after British Leyland made equity participation. Hence the company became Ashok Leyland in 1955 and started the Production of Commercial Vehicles.They offer a wide range of in Heavy and erupt Commercial Vehicles varying from buses, trucks, engines to special application vehicles. They were the outset co mpany in the history of Indian to win the ISO 9002 Certification in 1993. Again it became the first Indian company to receive ISO/TS 16949 Corporate Certification. Their global ambition is very simple, it is Global Standards, Global Markets. Hindustan Motors Ltd Hindustan Motors Ltd is one of the oldest car manufacturing company of India. It was founded in 1942. It forces a wide range of vehicles from cars to trucks to school buses to trekker to porter.However, it is more popular for one of its particular car model called the Ambassador. But, at the same time it does manufacture a lot of Commercial Vehicles as well. It was one of the tip players in cars till the early 80s but could not maintain its do after globalization came into effect and the markets were opened. It has its manufacturing plants in Uttarpara- West Bengal, Pithampur- Madhya Pradesh, Thiruvallur- Tamil Nadu and Hosur- Tamil Nadu. Telco Telco deals with Heavy Commercial Vehicles, Light Commercial Vehicles, Multi-U tility Vehicles etc.Telco was set up in 1945 to manufacture steam locomotives. Now its the largest private sector company in Commercial Vehicle manufacturing. The four manufacturing plants of Telco are located in Jamshedpur in Jharkand, Pimpri and Chinchwad in Pune ( Maharashtra) and Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh. It has a market share of 31. 2% in Multi Utility Vehicle Segment. describe motors Ltd. (Previously known as Bajaj Tempo Ltd) displume motors Ltd. (Previously known as Bajaj Tempo Ltd) is a promising company in the Commercial Vehicle segment. The company is now working on the project of introducing progressive range of trucks.The company has different technological collaboration with many international giants. Hence, it has an upper edge with immature and modern technology. They are also working on eco friendly CNG bus engines. They are the only company to have a full range of Commercial Load carrying vehicles. Eicher Motors Ltd. Eicher Motors Ltd. deals with the manufacturi ng of Commercial Vehicles. They mainly deal with buses, trucks and chassis. These products espouse with all the specifications of BS II norms. Its CNG Technology is also known to be the very best in the market. Mahindra amp Mahindra Ltd.Mahindra amp Mahindra Ltd. has a hugh Indian market with Multi Utility Vehicles. It was originally set up in 1945 to cater to general purpose utility vehicles. However, today it is one of the top five manufacturers of tractors in the world. Swaraj Mazda Ltd. Swaraj Mazda Ltd. deals with the manufacturing of Light Commercial Vehicles. They mostly manufacture buses, trucks, police personnel carrier, ambulance, water tankers and special vehicles. The company was formed in 1983 and production started from 1985. Tata Motors Tata Motors is one of the most important fore runners of the Indian automobile industry.They believe in focus and state-of-the-art facilities. They probably have the best infrastructure required for the assurance of manufacturing qual ity vehicles. They deal with MampH Commercial Vehicles, Intermediate Commercial Vehicles, Light Commercial Vehicles, Small Commercial Vehicles, Utility Vehicles Etc. In the Commercial Vehicles segment, they mostly manufacture buses and trucks. They even have a good range of passenger vehicles as well. Market Share of Major Players The Commercial Vehicle Market is divided into following categories 1. Light Commercial Vehicles 2. Heavy Commercial Vehicles 3.Medium Commercial Vehicles Table 1-Market share of different players in commercial vehicle industry Type of Vehicle TATA Ashok Leyland Mahindra Eicher Motors Force Motors Swaraj Mazda HindustanMotors Volvo Tatra Trucks 64% 24% - 8% - 3% - lt1% lt1% Buses 40% 30% 7% 5% 10% 6% 1% 1% - Temposand Lorries 59% lt1% 32% 4% 3% 3% lt1% - - In the MHCV goods carrier segment, TML is the market leader with a 68% share in 9MFY2010, which represents a groovy increase from 63% in FY2008. While new players have entered the MHCV segment, some of t hem have limited their presence to niche segmentse. . VIL in the higher tonnage RV and HT segment Tatra in the higher tonnage RV segment. Although the competitive intensity has increased with the entry of new players, TML and ALL continue to dominate on account of established product performance, strong brands and customer support, wide servicing network and availability of spares (ease of servicing). Although TML and ALL dominate nearly all sub-segments in MHCV goods carriers market, EML has a strong presence in the 7. 5-12 tonnes segment, with a market share of 39% in 9MFY2010. However, while EMLs market share in the 7. -12 tonnes segment has declined from 53% in FY2003, TMLs market share has increased from 27% to 47% in 9MFY2010. - Enter key points - Enter key points Key Drivers 1. Strong economic growth- A revival of economic reforms and better economic policy in first decade of the 21st century accelerated Indias economic growth rate. The rough Domestic Product (gross domest ic product) in India expanded at an annual rate of 8. 80 portion in the last reported quarter. From 2004 until 2010, Indias average quarterly GDP Growth was 8. 37 share reaching an historical high of 10. 0 percent in September of 2006 and a record low of 5. 50 percent in December of 2004. The economy has posted an average growth rate of more than 7% in the decade since 1997, reducing poverty by or so 10 percentage points. In recent years, Indian cities have move to liberalize business regulations. By 2008, India had established itself as the worlds second-fastest growing major economy. Economists ring that by 2020, India will be among the leading economies of the world. According to the BRIC report, published by Goldman Sachs, India will be the second largest economy after China by 2043. . copious industrial growth -The industrial sector is one of the main sectors that contribute to the Indian GDP. The country ranks fourteenth in the factory output in the world. The industrial sector is made up of manufacturing, mining and quarrying, and electricity, water supply, and gas sectors. The industrial sector accounts for around 27. 6% of the India GDP and it employs over 17% of the sum custody in the country. 3. Low interest rates Although the interest rate has been a little high this year, it has been around 6. 0% on an average for the past 5 years which has boosted trade. 4. Road and al-Qaida development -The most distinct part of Indias physical infrastructure development in recent years is the development of road network across the country per sq. km. of surface area in India is now endowed with one km of roadways. India has one of the largest road networks in the world, aggregating to 3. 34 cardinal km. The countrys road network consists of Expressways, National Highways, State Highways, Major District Roads, Other District Roads and Village Roads.The road network, as on December 2007, comprises 66,590 km of National Highways, 128,000 km of State High ways, 470,000 km of Major District Roads and about 2. 65 million km of other District and Rural Roads. The National Highways Development Project (NHDP), the largest highway project ever undertaken by the country, is being implemented by the National Highway effectiveness of India (NHAI). NHDP Phase I amp II envisage 4/6 laning of about 14,279 km of National Highways, at a total estimated cost of Rs. 650 million (at 2004 prices).These two phases 109 comprise of Golden Quadrilateral (GQ), North-South and East-West Corridors, Port Connectivity and other projects. The Golden Quadrilateral (GQ-5,846 km) connects the four major cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata. The North-South and East-West Corridors (NS-EW-7,300 km) connect Srinagar in the North to Kanyakumari in the South, including branch line from Salem to Kochi and Silchar in the East to Porbandar in the West. 5. Good Agricultural production -Today, India ranks second worldwide in farm output. Agriculture and allied sec tors like forestry and log accounted for 16. % of the GDP in 2007, employed 52% of the total workforce and despite a steady decline of its share in the GDP, is still the largest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall socio-economic development of India. India is the largest producer in the world of fresh fruit, anise, fennel, badian, coriander, tropical fresh fruit, jute, pigeon peas, pulses, spices, millets, castor oil seed, benni seeds, safflower seeds, lemons, limes, cows milk, dry chillies and peppers, chick peas, cashew nuts, okra, ginger, turmeric guavas, mangoes, goat milk and buffalo milk and meat.It also has the worlds largest cattle population (281 million). It is the second largest producer of cashews, cabbages, cotton plant seed and lint, fresh vegetables, garlic, egg plant, goat meat, silk, nutmeg. mace, cardamom, onions, wheat, rice, sugarcane, lentil, dry beans, groundnut, tea, green peas, cauliflowers, potatoes, pumpkins, squashes, gourds and i nland fish. It is the third largest producer of tobacco, sorghum, rapeseed, coconuts, hens eggs and tomatoes. India accounts for 10% of the world fruit production with first rank in the production of mangoes, papaya, banana and sapota. 6.Good replacement demand- There has been good replacement demand recently for commercial vehicles. Decisions about replacing vehicles are relatively complicated people compare the transportation services they get from their present vehicle and the costs associated with running it, with the services they could get from another vehicle, given the costs of clouding and selling vehicles and of running the new one. Replacement decisions are also touch by developments in the used-vehicle market when people replace vehicles, they may buy either new or used, and they very often sell a vehicle on the used-vehicle market when they acquire another.Thus, although only production and sales of new vehicles affect the industrys contribution to GDP, demand for new vehicles is influenced by prices, quantities, and qualities in the used-vehicle market. Key Challenges / Barriers 1. Increasing Competition and WTO Regime 2. Cyclicality of businesses 3. Increasing Customisation and Application Profileration-While the in the first place paradigm aimed at meeting the unavoidably of segments of consumers, the new paradigm treats every customer as unique.The development of technology has made it possible to address the necessitate of individual customers, the day may not be very far off when a customer wanting to buy a toilet strap may have to put his/her hand into a scanner which will sense the skin complexion and pop out a pouch of facile soap that is ideally formulated to suit his/her skin. Also, innovation is more than creativity it is the commercial realization of creativity. Consumers like what they have but also crave change. The articulate New, Improved, Better can influence the customer preference.Innovation is the life blood of Marketi ng. Creative ideas are valuable but the greater part is harnessing them to profitable productive change. 4. Competition from alternative modes- The alternative modes of transport are the telecom, air and port services. These services have grown exponentially as compared to the traditional commercial vehicle sector. Container port traffic has increased from less than a million in 1991 to about 5 million in 2005 with an annual growth rate of about 266 percent since 1991.Also, the increase in air freight and air transport has been around 15% whereas the increase in fixed line and mobile phone subscribers has been around 150% from 1991-2005. 5. Stiff Emission and other Regulatory Changes- The firing norms have become really strict these days. From the earlier emission norms of Euro 3 in metro cities and Euro 2 in rest of the country, the automobile companies have to ensure that the automobiles produced in or after 2009-10 adhere to Euro 4 in metro cities and Euro 3 in rest of the coun try. 6. Operating Cost Pressures 7.Increased Customer Awareness- In the 21st century, the customer has become very aware due to the various sources of information available to him. Now, it is very difficult to fool the customer as he can get the full information with the click of a button. Hence, companies have to keep the customer needs in mind while designing a product. 8. Accelerated Technology upgradation requirements and other change needs Key Opportunities Enter key points Enter key points Vibrant Indian Economy Automotive Industry showing double digit growth in all segments Growing engineering and IT capability for manufacturing Auto Component Industry Culturally compatible-Quality, Experience and Values Key Success factors * Ability to enhance and vary product mix A diverse and all-inclusive product mix enables a manufacturer to serve a wide variety of transportation solutions across different load levels. * Sales and distribution service network * Balance between outso urcing and in-house production * Quality A company must have good quality product to gain a customer trust. This would also help in building long term relationship with the consumer and also gain viral marketing. Environment A company need to align to the surrounding environment and must act in a way to improve and sustain environment around it. - Enter key points - 1 - 2 - 3 - Enter key points - 1 - 2 - 3 Enter key pointsEnter key points Market Entry Strategy * Collaboration for Manufacturing Excellence and do work Design * Production Sharing in India & Europe for a Holistic Service Capability * Partnering for Global Requirements * Merger & Acquisition * ratify JV - Enter key points - 1 - 2 - 3 - Enter key points - 1 2 - 3 Financial Analysis Commercial Vehicles- juvenile Trends During FY2004-07, CV sales volumes growth in the domestic market had been healthy led by buoyant economic activity, easy access to finance, entry of new truck financing companies, increased moment um in highway construction, better operating economics of new trucks, and a Supreme Court (SC) separate prohibiting overloading of trucks. However, continued hardening of interest rates and a slowdown in economic activity has impacted CV sales volumes since FY2008.Since mid-2008, domestic CV sales volumes have declined significantly because of an economic slowdown, slowdown in index of industrial production (IIP), tighter credit conditions and constraints in the availability of vehicle finance from banks and non-banking finance companies (NBFCs). Though in-house vehicle financing of major manufacturers has increased, the additional credit flow was unable to fully offset the decrease in credit availability from outside sources. As compared with a year on year (yoy) growth of 9. 2% in Q1FY2009, domestic CV sales declined 1. 8% (yoy) during Q2FY2009, and by a sharp rate of 47. % (yoy) in Q3FY2009, and 35. 7% (yoy) in Q4FY2009. The rate of decline was lower at 12. 1% (yoy) in Q1FY2010 primarily because of 16% (yoy) growth in LCV segment. A significant proportion of trucks are purchased by small truck operators in the unorganised sector, who may have to pay a relatively higher rate of interest as compared with large-fleet operators, and are more vulnerable to interest rate fluctuations and slowdown in economic activity. Production The Indian automobile sector, described as the sun rise sector, had been growing at a healthy double digit rate till 2006-07.However, it witnessed a downturn during the later half of 2007-08 and 2008-09 due to global economic slowdown. To tide over the situation, the Government of India took immediate remedial action and announced three stimulus packages. As a result of this, the overall position has improve since July, 2009 onwards. In the year 2008-09 the industry witnessed a modest growth in production at 2. 96% over 2007-08. In the year 2009-10 (April 2009 to December, 2009), passenger vehicle segment, two-wheeler segment, three-whe eler segment and commercial vehicle segment have all recorded a growth of 24. 55%, 19. 0%, 16. 04% and 15. 10% respectively over the synonymic period last year (CLPY). The details of actual production of various automobile segments during the year 2006-07 to 2009-10 (upto December, 2009) are given below - Type a quote from the muniment or the summary of an interesting point. You can position the text box anywhere in the document. Use the Text Box Tools tab to change the formatting of the pull quote text box. - Type a quote from the document or the summary of an interesting point.You can position the text box anywhere in the document. Use the Text Box Tools tab to change the formatting of the pull quote text box. motorcar Production Trends Segment 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 Passenger Vehicles 1,545,223 1,777,583 1,838,593 2,351,240 Commercial Vehicles 519,282 549,006 416,870 566,608 common chord Wheelers 556,126 500,660 497,020 619,093 Two Wheelers 8,466,666 8,026,681 8,4 19,792 10,512,889 intact 11,087,997 10,853,930 11,172,275 14,049,830 Table 2-Automobile Production Trends ExportsThe period from April-December 2009 saw growth in automobile exports sliding sharply to 10. 4% (yoy) with deceleration in almost all segments. Although CV exports declined 14. 6% (yoy) in 9MFY2010, the decline was lower than the decline of 28% (yoy) in FY2009. CVs and 3Ws segments recorded declines of 14. 6% (yoy) and 1. 9% (yoy) respectively during 9MFY2010. Although exports of 4Ws increased at a high rate of 30% (yoy) in 9MFY2010, this represented a decline from the high rate of 54% in FY2009. 2W export growth slid from 22. 5% (yoy) in FY2009 to 7. % (yoy) in 9MFY2010 attributable to a sharp decline in growth of motorcycle exports. Although export growth has decelerated sharply in 9MFY2010, there has been a recovery in Q3FY2010 attributable partly to the base effect. The key reason for the decline in export growth was the fall in auto sales especially the CVs in the ma jor destination markets of Asia, Africa, US, and Europe. Automobile Exports Trends Segment 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 Passenger Vehicles 198,452 218,401 335,729 446,146 Commercial Vehicles 49,537 58,994 42,625 45,007Three Wheelers 143,896 141,225 148,066 173,282 Two Wheelers 619,644 819,713 1,004,174 1,140,184 Total 1,011,529 1,238,333 1,530,594 1,804,619 Table 3-Automobile Exports Trends Figure 1-Monthly Exports of Commercial Vehicles The exports of CVs which were growing till FY2008, registered a decline in early FY2009, though there was minor recovery in Q2FY2009, due to the growth in LCVs exports but that was also short-lived. The rate of decline was lower in Q2FY2010, and subsequently CV exports increased 50% (yoy) in Q3FY2010. However, this was largely due to the base effect.CVs segment was the worst hit by the economic downturn in the American and European countries, but the decline after peaking in Q3FY2009, has been showing some signs of recovery. Evidence for the US a nd Canada suggests that the sharp reduction in CV sales since mid-2008 has been magnified by the lack of access to credit, leading many firms to postpone their CV purchases. This implies that continued improvement in financial market conditions could provide an impetus to CV sales. Domestic Sales Overall production growth declined from 0% (yoy) in Q2FY2009 to sharp declines of 50. % (yoy) in Q3FY2009, and 43. 5% (yoy) in Q4FY2009. However, production declined at a lower rate of 19. 5% (yoy) in Q1FY2010, because of recovery in LCV production. MHCV production continued to decline at a high, albeit lower rate through Q2FY2010. Overall CV production actually increased 4. 4% (yoy) in Q2FY2010, followed by an exceptionally high increase of 95. 4% (yoy) in Q3FY2010, albeit on a low base. Domestic MHCV sales increased at a 3-year CAGR of 10. 4% to 270,994 units during FY2008, followed by sharp declines thereafter till Q1FY2010. The less than 3. tonnes category is the largest segment, expla nation for 84% of domestic goods LCV sales in 9MFY2010. This segment has reported very high growth rate during FY2005-08, primarily because of the superior price-performance ratio, and the install of ACE by Tata Motors Ltd. (TML). The LCV segment is dominated by TML and the high growth in goods carrier segment during the last few years has been driven by the launch of Tata Motors 207DI (a 2-tonne pick-up vehicle), which enabled the company to streng therefore its presence in this segment. During FY2006-07, growth was driven by the launch by TML of a mini-truckthe TATA ACE (with a GVW of 1. 5 tonnes). Since FY2006, the demand growth for this LCV goods carrier has been higher than other sub-segments, driven by the trend of increase in consumption of consumer goods and durables in smaller cities/towns and restrictions on goods movement by bigger vehicles in metros/bigger cities especially during daytime. The increasing popularity of the lower tonnage LCVs can be attributed to the incr easing distribution of goods inside Indian towns and villages that need small vehicles because of disaggregated nature of freight generation and narrow roads.The increasing popularity of door-to-door service has contributed to the growth of LCVs in the recent past. As these vehicles have relatively lower acquisition costs, the fleet operators may prefer them to carry small cargo. The corporates not only look for speedy, reliable, door- to- door services, but also for a complete logistic solution that minimises the costs of transport, logistics and archive. With the share of the high value consumer goods (which call for timely transportation and better handling) increasing, lower tonnage LCVs are expected to witness higher growth in the medium-term.Automobile Domestic Sales Trends Table 4 Automobile Domestic Sales Trends Segment 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 Passenger Vehicles 1,379,979 1,549,882 1,552,703 1,949,776 Commercial Vehicles 467,765 490,494 384,194 531,395 Three Wheeler s 403,910 360,781 349,727 440,368 Two Wheelers 7,872,334 7,249,278 7,437,619 9,371,231 Total 10,123,988 9,654,435 9,724,243 12,292,770 Figure 2-Monthly Domestic Sales of Commercial VehiclesRegulatory Advantage & legal frameworks In India the Rules and Regulations related to driving license, registration of motor vehicles, control of traffic, construction & maintenance of motor vehicles etc are governed by the Motor Vehicles Act 1988 (MVA) and the Central Motor Vehicles rules 1989 (CMVR). The Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport & Highways (MoSRT&H) acts as a nodal berth for formulation and effectuation of various provisions of the Motor Vehicle Act and CMVR.Figure 4 Regulatory Framework of Indian Automobile Industry In order to involve all stake holders in regulation formulation, MoSRT&H has constituted two Committees to deliberate and advise Ministry on issues relating to Safety and Emission Regulations, videlicet * CMVR- Technical Standing Committee (CMVR-TSC) * Standing Committee on Implementation of Emission Legislation (SCOE) CMVR- Technical Standing Committee (CMVR-TSC) This Committee advises MoSRT&H on various technical aspects related to CMVR.This Committee has representatives from various organisations namely Ministry of Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises (MoHI&PE)), MoSRT&H, Bureau Indian Standards (BIS), test Agencies such as Automotive Research of India (ARAI), Vehicle Research Development & Establishment (VRDE), Central Institute of Road Transport (CIRT), industry representatives from night club of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM), Automotive Component Manufacturers Association (ACMA) and Tractor Manufacturers Association (TMA) and representatives from State Transport Departments. Major functions the Committee are To provide technical clarification and variation of the Central Motor Vehicles Rules having technical bearing, to MoRT&H, as and when so desired. * To recommend to the Government the Inte rnational/ foreign standards which can be used in position of standard notified under the CMVR permit use of components/parts/assemblies complying with such standards. * To make recommendations on any other technical issues which have direct relevance in implementation of the Central Motor Vehicles Rules. * To make recommendations on the new safety standards of various components for notification and implementation under Central Motor Vehicles Rules. To make recommendations on lead time for implementation of such safety standards. * To recommend amendment of Central Motor Vehicles Rules having technical bearing keeping in view of Changes in automobile technologies. CMVR-TSC is assisted by another Committee called the Automobile Industry Standards Committee (AISC) having members from various stakeholders in drafting the technical standards related to Safety. The major functions of the committee are as follows * Preparation of new standards for automotive items related to safety. * T o review and recommend amendments to the existing standards. propose adoption of such standards to CMVR Technical Standing Committee * Recommend commissioning of testing facilities at appropriate stages. * Recommend the necessary funding of such facilities to the CMVR Technical Standing Committee, and * Advise CMVR Technical Standing Committee on any other issues referred to it The National Standards for Automotive Industry are prepared by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The standards formulated by AISC are also born-again into Indian Standards by BIS. The standards formulated by both BIS and AISC are considered by CMVR-TSC for implementation.Standing Committee on Implementation of Emission Legislation (SCOE) This Committee deliberates the issues related to implementation of emission regulation. Major functions of this Committee are * To discuss the future emission norms * To recommend norms for in-use vehicles to MoSRT&H * To finalise the test procedures and the implementa tion strategy for emission norms * Advise MoSRT&H on any issue relating to implementation of emission regulations. Based on the recommendations from CMVR-TSC and SCOE, MoSRT&H issues notification for necessary amendments / modifications in the in Central Motor Vehicle Rules.In addition, the other Ministries like Ministry of Environment & Forest (MoEF), Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas (MoPNG) and Ministry of Non- constituted Energy Sources are also involved in formulation of regulations relating to Emissions, Noise, Fuels and Alternative Fuel vehicles. tax Structure 1. State VAT Rate and Classification of goods Uniform rate structure across the country helps in avoiding diversion of trade from one State to another, checks unhealthy competition and reduces tax evasion. It helps automobile industry to plan and commit long term investings.Basic rationale needs to be developed for generation of revenue from industrial products. This should be long term and the share of taxation in the total value of the ultimate customer needs to be defined. SIAM recommends such a policy in taxing goods and services under VAT. Total taxes from both summation and State as proposed by SIAM not to exceed 25%. Considering Cenvat at 16%, Designated rate should not exceed 9%. The classification of goods should be reorient to central taxes to reduce litigation. Uniform classification across all States and central taxes would create favourable environment for growth of industry.No separate classification of Capital Goods 2. sixfold levies and industrial input One of the stated objectives of VAT is to reduce multiple levies. Number of rates under VAT should be 0%, 4% & RNR in addition to 1% on precious metal and 20% on petroleum products. All other levies like Octroi, Entry Tax should be abolished. Inputs used in the manufacturing should be taxed at 4% against issue of declaration. There should not be any specific list of industrial input, as it will deprive the bene fit to the industry using input other than the one mentioned in the list.Reduced rate on industrial input will avoid hark back problem and avoid unnecessary interaction with the Department. Further when interstate proceedings are zero rated, manufacturer selling predominantly in interstate ends up having huge input tax credit without set-off. Automobile manufacturers having one manufacturing facility in the country sells more than 80% of the production outside the Sate and forced to seek refund from the State Government for excess input tax credit. SIAM suggests VAT rate of 4% on all industrial input to moderate the refund issue. 3. Set-off mechanismSet-off of tax paid should be allowed for all inputs including raw material, components, consumables, fuel and capital goods. Tax paid on services should be allowed to be set-off. Tax paid on capital goods should be allowed as set-off in full in the same year to avoid confusion and litigation later. 4. Interstate transactions All inte rstate transactions should be at zero rate. Further automobile manufacturers Stock Transfer goods by setting up huge facilities to strengthen distribution net work in order to reach the product to the customer at the earliest and at least cost.This mechanism should not be affected even under VAT. 5. Sales Tax Incentives Automobile manufacturers have made huge investments, which are in phases in unviable locations. These locational disadvantages are partially offset by fiscal incentives. Any detrimental variations or withdrawal will affect the viability of such investments. This may adversely impact the countrys image as an attractive investment destination. It is heartening to note that all States have agreed in principle to honour all existing incentives under VAT SIAM suggests the following Incentive SIAM vestigeInput Tax Exemption Refund Input Tax separately adopt Maharashtra model end product Tax Exemption Continue exemption, Option to buckle under output tax Output Tax cor ner Continue Deferment, refund input tax separately Input Tax Exemption amp Output Tax Exemption Refund Input Tax separately,Option to Defer output tax Input Tax Exemption amp Output Tax Deferral Refund Input Tax separately,Option to Defer output tax Table 5-Tax Structure in Automobile Industry 6. Refunds Due to various reasons there is no alternative but to seek refund from the Government in case of excess credit.Given the state of finances, refunds will be difficult and uncertain while lock up working capital for industry. Refunds should be honoured within 15 days from the date of filing returns and credited to the assessees account. Alternatively, VAT Entitlement Certificate on the lines of freely tradable DEPB may be considered Recent Mergers & Acquisitions 1. Merger of Ashok Leyland and IVECO,Italy 2. Merger of Eicher and Mitsubishi,Japan 3. Merger of M&M and Nissan Motor Company,Japan 4. Merger of Swaraj Mazda and Mazda Motor Company,Japan Industry SWOT Strengths Automo bile industry is an established and an evergreen industry. * India is the strongest player in the small car segment of the global automobile market. * Indian companies are the best cost innovators. * The automotive industry has long been known for its development and promulgation of the assembly-line. * Some of the greatest developments in the automotive supply chain lie in the development of Just-In-Time (JIT) inventory methods. * Through the use of advanced technologies, assembly line manufacturing, and JIT inventory management, the automotive industry has been able to achieve significant gains in productivityWeaknesses * India is lacking in halal infrastructure. * This is slowing the pace of growth of auto industry. * Companies are not improving after sale services. Opportunities * The automotive ecosystem is in the midst of significant change, with increasing challenges in consumer demands, technology development, and globalization. * While demand for incumbent technologies wil l remain strong, alternative power trains could capture more than 20 percent of the global market by 2020, depending upon boundary conditions such as fuel taxation and emissions regulation set by governments as well as oil price development. Storage is in the heart of the next generation of efforts for fuel economy. * More realistic scenario will emerge for technologies using Hydrogen as automotive fuel. * Intelligent use of NCES (Non conventional energy sources) for powering Public Transport. Threats * Global Crisis * Companies not focussing on R&D are under great risk * High competition from foreign players * Lack of technology for Indian companies Market look forward to with Macroeconomic assumptions Investments in future The market is so large and diverse that a large number of players can be absorbed to accommodate buyer needs.The sector not only has global players looking to invest and expand but leading domestic companies are also pumping in huge sums into expanding opera tion. Some of the investments made by various companies or organisations are as follows * Investment Planning cathexis has set target of attracting foreign investment worth US$5 billion for the next five years (in automobile industry). * Rasandik Motors, a group company of Rasandik Engineering Industries India plans to set up a three-wheelers unit at Nanjangud in Mysore district of Karnataka. Work on the project was expected to commence by July 2010. An Indian automotive site called wheelsunplugged. com suggests that Daimler is planning to invest US$700 million-$1 billion to increase the capacity of its planned truck assembly plant at the SIPCOT Industrial Park in Oragadam, near Chennai in Tamil Nadu. An initial capacity of 70,000 units a year is planned from a 1,000-acre site. * Mercedes-Benz plans to invest e700 million to increase the production capacity of its trucks in its manufacturing plant in Chennai. While the infrastructure is expected to address future expansion plans of the company, details of the time frame of investment were not disclosed.The German car maker is also on course to increase its headcount three-fold at its R&D centre in Bangalore by next year and will invest close to Rs. 450 crore on infrastructure and people-related costs. * Bharat Forge invested US$ 135 million in its Pune plant for increasing capacity to 240,000 tonnes. * Amtek Auto is expanding capacity of its casting unit to 70,000 tonnes per annum. * Rico Auto is investing Rs 350 million to expand its capacity. * Apollo Tyres plans to invest US$469. 58m to increase production capacity in India and abroad. * Robert Bosch of Germany will invest U$201. 0 million in its subsidiaries over the next two years. * Ceat has inaugurated the Radial tyre greenfield project in Gujarat with an investment of Rs 7,000 million, which will create employment opportunities for 1,000 people. Demand forecast Before looking at the forecast demand of automobiles, specially, commercial vehicles, le t us look at the demand forecasting process used in automobile industry In forecasting the demand, we have used various statistical methods considering all the relevant demand drivers for each segment. Then, models were prepared considering an exhaustive list of variables such as Macro-economic variables-GDP components, industrial production, inflation, interest rates, stock indices -Sector variables- model launches, vehicle price, inter-segment competition -Enablers/barriers- Finance availability, road connectivity Forecasts for 2010-11 Automobile Segments 2010-2011 growth over 2009-10(%) Passenger Cars 12-13 Utility Vehicles 13-14 Commercial vehicles(goods) 19-20 - Enter key points - 1 - 2 3 - Enter key points - 1 - 2 - 3 Commercial vehicles(buses) 4-5 Two wheelers 9-10 Three wheelers(goods) 5-6 Three wheelers(passengers) 8-9 Table 6-Demand Forecast for 2010-11 Some of the key forecasts made with respect to growth of commercial vehice industry are anticipate demand in Passenger segment to grow at 6% CAGR in volume terms over the period FY05-FY10. Goods segment to show 4. 6% CAGR over the same period. Light Commercial Vehicles to grow at a rate of 20% YOY. Heavy Commercial vehicles to grow at a rate of 12% YOY. PEST Analysis Economic Scenario The fortunes of the CV industry are closely related to the general economic conditions prevailing in a country. The demand for transportation is directly proportional to the growth of the economy, mobility of population, and other related factors. In nearly all countries, a close connection between growth in transport, goods traffic and economic growth can be observed.The effects are two-fold * Increasing economic development causes more traffic. Increasing amounts of goods, greater transportation distances, compound division of labour (globalisation), new production technologies (e. g. just-in-time production), higher levels of commuter traffic, and an increase in business travel are producing a growth in goods tr ansport and production-related passenger transport. The increase in the prosperity of private households, together with the reduction in the working week and the working life, produce an increase in vacation and leisure transport. The mobility of people and goods is a precondition for greater productivity and economic growth. The latter result from enhanced division of labour, faster structural change, the exploitation of new raw and other materials and greater competitiveness in international trade. POLITICAL SCENARIO The government has taken many initiatives to promote foreign direct investment (FDI) in the industry a few of them are given below * Automatic approval for foreign equity investment up to 100 per cent of manufacture of automobiles and components is permitted. * The automobile industry has been delicensed. There are no restraints on import of components. Besides the above mentioned initiatives, the government has envisaged the Automotive Mission Plan 2016 to promote gr owth in the sector. It targets * Emerging as the global favourite in the area of design and manufacture of automobiles and auto components. * Taking the output to US$ 145 billion, accounting for more than 10 per cent of the GDP. * Offering additional employment to 25 million people by 2016. ? TECHNOLOGICAL SCENARIO Road Infrastructure Development 52000 + Kms Road development project taken up under NHAI * 5851 Kms of Golden Quadrilateral (93% completed) 7300 Kms of NSEW corridor (Phase I&II) (11% completed) Target season Dec09 * 380 Kms of Port Connectivity (29% completed) Target Date Dec12 * 46000 KM Length of Road Development- US $ 27Bn Project in progress Completion by Dec12 Port Infrastructure Development * Port Infrastructure upgradation projects US $ 16 Bn. in progress * Upgradation of major ports through private sector involvement (13 projects are operational and 4 under implementation) * Development of container terminals (in 6 ports of total 15 million TEUs capacit y) Target Date 2013-14 * Projects worth US$ 13. 3 billion proposed under National ocean Development Programme (NMDP) Target Date 2013-14 * Additional port handling capacity of 530 MMTA in major ports Annexure List of Industry Associations The automobile industry like any other industry has a number of associations to look after its interests. They provide a greater bargaining power to the industry and act as a source of bridge between the industry and the government. They help in formulating laws for the industry and help in getting technology from abroad.These associations enable the industry to manse hard to get extra incentives in the Union budget in the form of reduced import duties etc. They also act as data banks and provide insightful researches into the industry and they also regularly conduct auto fairs and exhibitions. Some of the major automobile Manufacturers Association along with a brief rendering of their profiles is as follows Society of Indian automobile Manuf acturers ( SIAM)-This is the apex body of the automobile industry in the country representing nearly thirty eight vehicle and vehicular engine manufacturers in the country.It is an important channel of communication between with the Government and other national and international organizations. It works with all quarters of the industry and helps in formulating policies for the automobile industry. It also enhances communication between all the stake holders of the industry and helps in technological up gradation though collaboration with foreign players. For more details of the organization log on to http//www. siamIndia. com/ The Automotive Component Manufacturers Association of India (ACMA)-This organization is the nodal agency for all the automobile component manufacturers in the country.They have nearly 500 hundred members and their supply form the majority of the components in the organized sector. Like SIAM, this association also helps in dissemination of information about th e industry, enhances trade promotion, technological up gradation and quality enhancement thus playing an important role in the development of the industry. It also sends delegation to foreign countries and participates in international trade fairs and regularly publishes data about the sector. More information about the organization can be sought from http//www. acmainfo. om/ Federation of automobile Dealers Association (FADA)-This association is the apex body of automobile dealers in India and it was established in 1964 to promote and protect the interests of the retail automobile market in the country. The four collapse members of FADA which have played a key role in the formation of the association are as follows The automobile Dealers Association of Maharashtra, Mumbai Motor Industries Association, Kolkata Automobile Traders Association, Delhi Motor Vehicles and Allied Industries Association , Chennai Click http//www. adaweb. com/ for more details. Motor and Equipments Manufact urers Association (MEMA)-This association as the name suggests represents the interest of the automobile equipment manufacturers by making the companies associated with this trade more profitable and efficient. It provides useful information about the industry, valuable market research, government representation and other valuable commercial services. The body was established in 1904 and since then they have provided valuable service to the light motor vehicle and the heavy industries.To know more click http//www. mema. org/index. php List of graphs and tables * Table 1-Market Share of Different Players in Automobile Sector * Table 2-Automobile Production Trends * Table 3-Automobile Domestic Sales Trends * Table 4-Automobile Exports Trends * Table 5-Tax Structure in the Automobile Industry * Table 6-Demand forecast for 2010-11 * Figure 1-Monthly Domestic Sales of Commercial Vehicles * Figure 2-Monthly Exports of Commercial Vehicles * Figure 3-Regulatory Framework of Automobile Indus try

My Significant Other

Art is composed of umpteen different elements. There are many different styles of maneuver that can be taught. Art has been used for thousands of years. Art is a way of expressing life. My favorite kinds of art are expressed through drawings and paintings. In Expressionist Art the artist tries to show strong certain feelings about something important. This can be done through sculptures, paintings, drawings, etc.When I am drawing I tend to draw people and things that relate to a person or multiple people. My sketches are complete with shading. Shading is to show shadows and contrast. My paintings are always alfresco and have to do with animals, plants, and scenery. Painting the sky and ocean have a lot of patience to be dealt with because It takes a right mixture of alter to c each(prenominal) for It feel lively. Pop art Is the most common art. It has to do with very popular seen people, places, or things.My favorite pop artist is Andy Warhol. The way he deals with the colors an d shapes are amazing. I really enjoy the piece he did with Marilyn Monroe and the Campbell soup piece too. Surrealism is a type of art enjoy doing. When I have a strange dream I will take the most particular thing about my dream and turn it into art. I make it very secluded and lifelike so everyone can witness what I saw in my sleep. I like to leave wonders and thoughts in others minds. Abstract art is also a favorite of mine.I will get a whole munch of random objects and glue them together and make another random object out of all these other pieces. It is very fun and creative. I once went outside and collect things to make a birds nest. Leaves, sucks, and other outdoors objects were collected and my masterpiece was finished. I authoritative an excellent grade. Art Is different for everyone. Some use music as an art form, others use dance as an art form. Any way art is used it is still expressed through the artist. Art has and will always be around.

The Harmful Effects of Timbering

How does the role of regime and legislation that affect the forest industry today canvas to that of a cytosine years ago? In the early years of double-u Virginias statehood there was a government that tried to build its own identity. outset out as an underdeveloped state that was rich in natural resources, there was an urgency to erect industry within atomic number 74 Virginia. Upon examination of West Virginia today, one can see the same desire to maintain and increase industry in the state. It is my belief that today, as well as a deoxycytidine monophosphate years ago, the government views industry as its top priority versus state residents and the safety of the environment. I will now attempt to comp atomic number 18 and pipeline the role politics and legislation has played in the growth and development of the pure tone industry in the state of West Virginia for the last 100 years.In the early years of West Virginia statehood a definite emphasis was put on industrial grow th. Before this industrial growth there was a novelty that took place. As a result of the Constitution of 1863, the law became much industry oriented and moved away from being a nurseor of philosophy and culture. spare-time activity the Constitution of 1872, there was a facilitation to allow the transfer of land from smallholders to the coal and poke companies (Lewis p.103-105).One of the main goals in the early years of statehood in West Virginia was to establish a strong, striving capitalistic economy. However, their ideas on how to achieve this varied throughout the state. Should the state remain an agricultural inn, or move to an industrial society? This struggle continued, and this is when the role government played in the economy was determined (Lewis p. 106).As the timber industry grew in West Virginia lumbermen began to demand that the law befriend them to overcome their lack of capital so they could develop the states resources. The greatest problem at this time was the lack of transportation. The government began to accommodate the timber industry. Corporations were given the right to dam streams or channelise their flow, with legal permission (Lewis p.107).Ronald Lewis, author of Transforming the Appalachian Countryside, writes thatPublic subsidy to improve water transportation for lumber was never undertaken in West Virginia, especially in comparison to with the public assistance provided to railroads. The lumber industry during this period developed no giant corporations that could compare with the railroads, and so its ability to exert political power was comparatively limited. It was through indirect stimulus that the law promoted investment in the lumber industry, which conformed the theme of 19th century policy (Lewis p.108).The timber industry flourished through an indirect stimulus of breaks given and provided to the railroads.Legislators gave entrepreneurs many rights to assist with industrial growth, such as building dams crosswa ys streams or changing the path of a stream, so long as it did not interfere with steamboats and other lumber companies. If a log washed up on someones personal property and they disturbed it within the first ten days, they were punishable by law (Lewis p.108).According to Ronald Lewis it is the belief of mob Willard Hurst, a prominent legal scholar and I concur, that the government sided with melodic phrase and exploited the people. There is enough evidence of court decisions and legislation that favors industry and business over the common man, to validate Hursts belief.The forward paragraphs depict an industry that thrived although it has slowed down somewhat in the last 100 years. Now, I am passage to examine the timber industry in West Virginia today. My source will be Ken Wards articles that have appeared in the Charleston print about the regulations imposed on the timber industry. Wards articles, in my opinion, are biased in favor of the timber industry. However, when wr iting upon a keep down that is so controversial, it is nearly impossible to not show a bias.An examination of how things have changed, will not show a great deal. However, it is safe to allege that more money changes hands today. Today there are more regulations, mostly where permits and licenses are concerned than 100 years ago. Anyone who is conducting timber operations, purchasing timber, or buying logs for resale has to obtain a permit from the division of Forestry (Ward, State timbering law). To attain and keep this license, applicants have to pay $50 a year. At every timber operation there has to be at least one person who has completed a certification course from the Division of Forestry. This person is trained in first aid, soil erosion prevention, and safe conduct of timbering (Ward, State timbering law).The Forestry Division is supposed to be notified within three days of any and all timbering operations. The poster should include the names of those who own the timber. There should also be included a sketch map of the location complete with roads used for the pull and stream crossings (Ward, State timbering law).In Ken Wards article, Critics say more rules are necessary, but backers say present law is sufficient, a Morgantown geologist, Richard diPretoro give tongue to that he believes the timber industry is under-regulated, comparatively speaking.The coal industry, which is much bigger than timbering in West Virginia today, has much stricter regulations.Strip Miners have to return the land to previous contour when they are finished. Those in the timber industry can leave the land any way they so desire (Ward, Critics say more rules).Loggers are supposed to follow a set of guidelines known as best management practices. These are a set of voluntary guidelines set up to comfort the environment. Environmentalist would like to see regulations for the timber industry become more stringent. However, the director of the state Division of Forestry, Bil l Maxey, feels that they have more regulations than they need.Im not sure that Bill Maxeys statement is free of prejudice, because the Division of Forestry is responsible for overseeing loggers and well as promoting the growth of wood product businesses. In my opinion, that would be conflict of interest.Many people interviewed in Wards article discuss how the environmental damage done by the coal industry is more harmful and will last longer than that of the timber industry. Joel Stopha, a wood products marketing specialist, states, Poor timber harvesting practices will cause only a few years of water quality problems(Ward, Critics say more rules). We have the means to ensure that we have no water quality problems whatsoever.So, how does the role of politics and legislation compare in regards to the timber industry today to that of 100 years ago? I believe that the state government is still primarily focused on the growth of industry in West Virginia just as we were in the beginning of our statehood.Today we see more regulation in the form of different fees and licenses required. As with everything else in this world, things change. Of course, the timber industry is no different. However, other than the natural changes that occur, there really has not been a huge change in the fact that the state government still favors industry over the state residents and this is reflected in the way the state government is failing to enforce the laws that protect the bodies of water in this state by allowing the timber industry to contaminate bodies of water even if it is for only a couple of years.

Animal Cruelty Intresting Introduction to Speech

Cages upon cages ar stacked in a plain room. Each contains a monkey that will live at that place the rest of its life which could be years or days away. From isolation and insanity they pace cadence and round in circles. When they are taken out different tests are performed on them. Among these brutal experiments, is being shoved in tubes to be bled, having tubes shoved down their throats, and being painfully injected some(prenominal) times. These animals will never be free. Human clinical and epidemiological studies, cadavers, and computer simulators are faster, more reliable, less expensive, and more humane than animal tests.Ingenious scientists have actual a model microbrain from human brain cells to study tumors, as well as artificial unclothe and bone marrow. We can now test for skin irritancy on cells in a test tube, produce vaccines from human cell cultures, and perform pregnancy tests using blood samples instead of killing rabbits. Says Gordon Baxter, cofounder of Pharm agene Laboratories, a medicate research company that uses only human tissues and computers to develop and test drugs, If you have information on human genes, whats the point of going back to animals? every(prenominal) year around 1 million animals are subjected to potentially dangerous drugs that may cause dread(a) pain both physically and psychologically to the animal. butt joint you not see the irony in this? Every year around 1 million animals are subjected to potentially dangerous drugs that may cause severe pain both physically and psychologically to the animal. Visualize the pumping of chemicals into a rats stomach, hacking muscle tissue from dogs, and putting baby monkeys in isolation chambers far from their mothers. Is there a purpose for this? When picking out your mascara or eyeliner, do you even stop to see what kind of makeup you are using?You could be documentation animal cruelty and not even know it. Today many makeup products, such as mascara, are being tested on animals. bemused and defenseless animals are being performed on for different types of experiments all around the world. Animal testing is animal cruelty. Its something that goes unnoticed every day because of the benefits for people that are a result of it. You are most likely connected with it every day its the new cosmetic line that you just bought, your shampoo you use daily, or maybe even a vaccine. Its something thats overshadowed by advancements in the medical field.

Jesus had a way of teaching his disciples Essay

delivery boy always had a way of teaching his disciples how to be conk out pack. He used events to teach them, he also used small talking sessions to teach them. The disciples were taught some valuable lessons from Jesus.In the modern serviceman close to people think that only bishops, priests or vicars are real disciples but every Christian who has been baptised should try to be a follower of Jesus.Christians straight off work for each other and for the people that they see as the weak in society such as the elderly, alcoholics, drug addicts and one-parent families. There are trade of schemes run by voluntary Christian organisations for the poor and weak in society. The Salvation Army is well known for its concern of outcasts in society. They practise galore(postnominal) different activities including childrens twenty-four hour period centres and nurseries and family welfare work and homes for the elderly. The Salvation Army does plenty for the weak of society and other Ch ristian denominations have their charity organisations, which deliver similar services.There are international Christian organisations that include the Tear fund and Christian Aid, these groups care for the needs of developing nations. They help third world countries to live life as best as they give the bounce by providing clean water, health care and education.Some Christians to sidereal day choose to become priests or join a religious order as their way of being disciples of Jesus in the modern world.A priest is a servant of Gods people. The Priests job is to proclaim and preach the gospel, to bless the bread and wine offered at mass. to care for the needs of people in the parish, especially by showing his worshippers what they can do for each other and to devote themselfs to God.Some people should use their talents to improve the world, to try and make the world peaceful and sweet place. They have a duty to be aware of all the worlds problems such as crime, prejudice and viol ence.Christians who take part in the eucharist are sent to serve others at the end of mass. The priest says, Go in peace to love and serve the Lord. We can serve others by donating our clothes to charity shops so that others will benefit. We can visit the lonely, offer shelter, feed the hungry, pray, provide love and comfort, in doing all of these things we are serving the Lord. get by the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and with all your strength(Marks evangel 12 30-31).This is an extract from Marks gospel in the passage of The Great Commandment it is what Jesus said to be the greatest commandment of all. Jesus explains this to mean that God is the only Lord we have so therefore we need to love him in the best way that we can. The second greatest commandment of them all is to Love your neighbour as yourself(Marks Gospel 12 31). When Jesus was talking of these two great commandments he wanted us to realise that life does not revolve aro und ourselves it is about what we can do for others.This message is to show us not to be selfish and be prepared to suffer for our beliefs. We should never contribute to Mickey taking or peer pressure as we would not like that if it was directed at us. We should give our time for other people which many people do as a careers options so they are also giving their life to God at the same time by serving to others such as Nurses, Doctors, teachers, comforter and missionaries all these jobs are for someone elses benefit giving their time up for people like us when we are in danger or ill.we can contribute our ways to discipleship by going to church to pray, prayer in general if it to be at home, personal or within a group in a community at school or in a parish.It is important Christians/disciples have childlike qualities that they are proud to be a Christian, they are honest, faith, enthusiasm everything seem brilliant hope and trust in God at the lowest times in your life.Even when tragic accidents hand such as suffering with cancer, A death of someone you love or such incidents as September 11th the attack on the opposite number towers New York. We should still have faith and believe they are with God and happy.I think that it is extremely difficult to be a modern day disciple because many people take the modern lifestyle for granted and the mission now has a different meaning to the one in Jesus time. in the modern world because so many people are judged by many different aspects of their lifestyle. They are usually judged in a corroboratory way about their possessions and general lifestyle but they are judged in a negative way about their religion. Religion has become very prehistoric and this is not just because it is considered a waste of time but it is also because Jesus teaching methods were unfashionable.Todays world is so materialistic and people would not judge someone kindly if abandoned their family responsibilities to become a disciple. many p eople still suffer great persecution and rejection.. A modern day disciple would find it difficult because our world is so materialistic and it would be extremely difficult for a person to give up the wealth gained from a job. Many items in society like drugs can be a barrier between a person and their path towards discipleship.But I do think that some peoples faith is strong enough to enable them to be a modern day disciple. There are many people who have made great sacrifices to follow Jesus and do his work in our world today. Mother Teresa of Calcutta was a strong believer in Christ and she is an example of a disciple in the modern world. Society does hold back a persons path towards discipleship but a true disciple should be able to overcome that difficulty.Being a disciple of Jesus has many implications for every area of a persons life and this is because their every action is influenced by Jesus example. St Teresa of Avila once said, Christ has no body now on realm but yours, no custody but yours, no feet but yours. This means that we are on earth to represent Jesus and he lives in us and this is another way of us being disciples of Christ. In our lifetime today we are given a very important mission and that is to serve Jesus during our time on earth and be disciples, and also preach the word of Jesus to the people who do not yet know.